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Attachment & Social-Emotional Development

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Attachment styles, Vygotsky's social development theory, and the ecological model of human growth.

psychologydevelopmental-psychologyattachmentvygotsky

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Who developed the concept of the zone of proximal development?

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  1. 1Who developed the concept of the zone of proximal development?
    Lev Vygotsky
  2. 2Zone of proximal development
    The gap between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance from a skilled partner
  3. 3Scaffolding in Vygotsky's theory
    Support provided by adults to help children learn new tasks, building upon knowledge they already have
  4. 4Attachment theory
    A theory developed by John Bowlby focusing on the importance of open, intimate, emotionally meaningful relationships for survival and development
  5. 5Who developed the Strange Situation procedure?
    Mary Ainsworth
  6. 6Four main attachment styles
    Secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, and disorganized
  7. 7Secure attachment
    A healthy attachment characterized by trust between infant and caregiver
  8. 8Anxious-avoidant attachment
    An insecure attachment characterized by the infant's indifference toward the caregiver
  9. 9Anxious-resistant attachment
    An insecure attachment characterized by distress from the infant when separated and anger when reunited
  10. 10Disorganized attachment
    An attachment style without a consistent pattern of responses upon return of the parent
  11. 11Harry Harlow's experiments about
    Studies with infant rhesus monkeys showing that emotional security and comfort are more critical to attachment than nourishment alone
  12. 12Theory of mind
    The ability to attribute mental states to ourselves and others, understanding that others have unique beliefs and desires different from our own
  13. 13At what age does theory of mind typically develop?
    Between ages 4 and 6
  14. 14Nature vs. nurture debate
    The debate about whether development is primarily influenced by innate genetic factors (nature) or environmental experiences (nurture)
  15. 15Nativism
    The view that certain abilities and knowledge are innate and specified by the organism's genes
  16. 16Empiricism
    The view that knowledge is acquired through experience and interaction with the environment
  17. 17Critical period in development
    A specific time window during development when certain experiences must occur for normal development to proceed
  18. 18Temperament
    The innate personality characteristics that influence how a child reacts to and interacts with their environment
  19. 19Adolescence
    The transitional period between childhood and adulthood, marked by puberty and significant physical, cognitive, and social changes
  20. 20Puberty
    The period of physical maturation during which reproductive capabilities develop
  21. 21Identity formation
    The process of developing a coherent sense of self, particularly important during adolescence
  22. 22Peer pressure
    The influence that peers have on an individual's attitudes, values, and behaviors
  23. 23Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory
    A theory specifying four types of nested environmental systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem) that influence development
  24. 24Who created a model of eight phases of psychosocial development?
    Erik Erikson.
  25. 25Who was G. Stanley Hall?
    A pioneering psychologist who attempted to correlate ages of childhood with previous ages of humanity, applying evolutionary theory to psychological development.
  26. 26What does the id operate according to?
    The pleasure principle: seek pleasure and avoid pain.
  27. 27Four systems in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory
    Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem - nested environmental systems with bi-directional influences.
  28. 28Microsystem in ecological systems theory
    The immediate environment surrounding and influencing the individual (example: school or home setting).
  29. 29Mesosystem in ecological systems theory
    The combination of two microsystems and how they influence each other (example: sibling relationships at home vs. peer relationships at school).
  30. 30Exosystem in ecological systems theory
    The interaction among two or more settings indirectly linked (example: a father's job overtime affecting daughter's school performance because he can't help with homework).

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