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Pharmacology: Cardiovascular, Respiratory & Endocrine/GI Drugs

90 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Drug classes for the heart, lungs, hormones and gut.

medicinepharmacologycardiovascularendocrine

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Pharmacology

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  1. 1Pharmacology
    The science of drugs and medications, including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology
  2. 2Two main areas of pharmacology
    Pharmacodynamics (effects of drugs on biological systems) and pharmacokinetics (effects of biological systems on drugs)
  3. 3Pharmacodynamics
    The effects of a drug on biological systems, including receptor interactions
  4. 4Pharmacokinetics
    The liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (LADME) of chemicals from biological systems
  5. 5Is pharmacology the same as pharmacy?
    No. Pharmacology is a research field studying drug effects; pharmacy is a health services profession applying those principles in clinical settings
  6. 6Agonist in pharmacology
    A substance that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a biological response
  7. 7Antagonist in pharmacology
    A substance that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to a receptor without activating it
  8. 8Enzyme inhibitor
    A molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  9. 9Origin of clinical pharmacology
    It dates back to the Middle Ages with pharmacognosy, Avicenna's Canon of Medicine, and early commentaries on medicinal substances
  10. 10Crude drugs
    Preparations of substances from natural sources where the active pharmaceutical ingredient is not purified
  11. 11Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)
    The purified substance in a medication that is biologically active
  12. 12Organ bath preparation
    A laboratory setup where tissue samples are connected to recording devices to study drug effects on tissues
  13. 13Ligand binding assay
    A technique developed in 1945 that allows quantification of the binding affinity of drugs at chemical targets
  14. 14Neuropharmacology
    The study of drugs that affect the central and peripheral nervous systems
  15. 15Psychopharmacology
    The study of drugs that affect the psyche, mind, and behavior in treating mental disorders
  16. 16Pharmacometabolomics
    The direct measurement of metabolites in bodily fluids to predict or evaluate drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic profile
  17. 17Pharmacogenomics
    The application of genomic technologies to drug discovery and characterization related to an organism's entire genome
  18. 18Pharmacogenetics
    The study of how genetic variation gives rise to differing responses to drugs
  19. 19Clinical pharmacology
    The application of pharmacological methods and principles in the study of drugs in humans
  20. 20Posology
    The study of the dosage of medicines
  21. 21Toxicology
    The study of chemical adverse effects and risk assessment, closely related to pharmacology
  22. 22Drug discovery
    The initial phase of research focused on identifying and validating new chemical compounds (lead compounds) intended to treat disease
  23. 23Drug design
    An inventive method of designing molecules complementary in polarity and shape to a given biomolecular target
  24. 24Drug development
    The process of bringing a drug to market after a lead compound has been identified
  25. 25Pharmacoeconomics
    A sub-discipline of health economics that evaluates the cost and benefits of drugs to guide optimal healthcare resource allocation
  26. 26Safety pharmacology
    A field that specializes in detecting and investigating potential undesirable and adverse effects of drugs
  27. 27What regulates pharmaceuticals in the United States?
    The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which enforces standards set by the United States Pharmacopoeia
  28. 28What regulates pharmaceuticals in the European Union?
    The European Medicines Agency (EMA), which enforces standards set by the European Pharmacopoeia
  29. 29Inverse Benefit Law
    The law stating that therapeutic benefit conferred by medical interventions is inversely proportional to the population's incidence of disease or need
  30. 30Why must the placebo effect be considered in drug development?
    To assess the drug's true therapeutic value by separating actual pharmacological effects from psychological effects

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