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Nutrition: Macro & Micronutrients

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Macronutrients, micronutrients and the basics of nutrition.

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Nutrition

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  1. 1Nutrition
    The biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support life
  2. 2Macronutrients
    Primary substances required in large amounts: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
  3. 3Micronutrients
    Substances required in trace amounts: vitamins and minerals
  4. 4Three main macronutrients
    Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (lipids)
  5. 5How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide?
    4 calories per gram
  6. 6How many calories per gram do proteins provide?
    4 calories per gram
  7. 7How many calories per gram do fats provide?
    9 calories per gram
  8. 8Calorie in nutrition
    The amount of energy required to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius (technically a kilocalorie)
  9. 9Carbohydrates
    Molecules that store energy, including sugars, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
  10. 10Glucose
    The simplest form of carbohydrate, a monosaccharide
  11. 11Simple sugars
    Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose
  12. 12Complex carbohydrates
    Polysaccharides like starch and fiber
  13. 13Starch
    A polysaccharide found in plants, broken down into glucose during digestion
  14. 14Dietary fiber
    Indigestible carbohydrate that aids digestion and gut health
  15. 15Proteins
    Macromolecules made of amino acids, essential for building and repairing tissues
  16. 16How many essential amino acids are there for humans?
    9 essential amino acids that must be obtained from food
  17. 17Complete proteins
    Proteins containing all essential amino acids, typically from animal sources
  18. 18Incomplete proteins
    Proteins lacking one or more essential amino acids, typically from plant sources
  19. 19Fats (lipids)
    Energy-dense molecules that store energy, provide insulation, and support cell structure
  20. 20Triglycerides
    The most common dietary lipids, composed of glycerol and three fatty acids
  21. 21Saturated fats
    Fats with no double bonds between carbon atoms, typically solid at room temperature
  22. 22Unsaturated fats
    Fats with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, typically liquid at room temperature
  23. 23Monounsaturated fats
    Fats with one double bond, found in olive oil, avocados, and nuts
  24. 24Polyunsaturated fats
    Fats with multiple double bonds, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
  25. 25Trans fats
    Artificially produced unsaturated fats that increase health risks and are being phased out
  26. 26Essential fatty acids
    Fatty acids the body cannot produce, such as omega-3 and omega-6, that must come from food
  27. 27Omega-3 fatty acids
    Essential polyunsaturated fats found in fish, flaxseed, and walnuts, beneficial for heart health
  28. 28Omega-6 fatty acids
    Essential polyunsaturated fats found in vegetable oils and seeds
  29. 29Cholesterol
    A waxy lipid essential for cell membranes and hormone production, but excess can harm heart health
  30. 30Vitamins
    Organic micronutrients essential for various metabolic processes

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