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Beverages: Coffee, Wine & Cocktails

137 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Coffee, wine and cocktail vocabulary.

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Coffee

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1Coffee
A beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans, darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic with stimulating effects due to caffeine
2The word 'coffee'
Drawing with light - from Greek phōtós (light) and graphé (drawing)
3Where did coffee drinking originate?
Among the Sufis of Yemen in the middle of the 15th century
4Two most commonly grown coffee bean types
C. arabica and C. robusta
5Which country is the leading grower of coffee beans?
Brazil, producing 31% of the world's total (as of 2023)
6When did coffee enter the English language?
1582, via Dutch koffie, borrowed from Ottoman Turkish kahve, from Arabic qahwah
7Legend of Kaldi
A 9th-century Ethiopian or Arab goatherd who observed the coffee plant after seeing his flock energized by chewing on it
8When was the first coffeehouse opened in the Ottoman Empire?
1555 in Tahtakale, Istanbul
9When was coffee declared a Christian beverage?
1600, when Pope Clement VIII declared it acceptable despite appeals to ban the 'Muslim drink'
10Louisiana Purchase
1803 - one of the largest real estate deals, where the U.S. bought Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million (about 4 cents per acre)
11When was coffee introduced to Brazil?
1727, though cultivation didn't gather momentum until independence in 1822
12What percentage of the world's coffee did Brazil export between 1910 and 1920?
Around 70%
13Two main species of coffee plants
C. canephora (robusta) and C. arabica
14Which coffee species is more highly regarded?
Arabica coffee (from C. arabica)
15How much more caffeine does robusta contain than arabica?
About 40-50% more caffeine
16Coffee leaf rust
A devastating disease caused by the fungal pathogen Hemileia vastatrix that creates rust-colored spots on leaves
17Coffee borer beetle
The most damaging insect pest of the world's coffee industry, destroying up to 50% or more of coffee berries
18Shade-grown coffee
Coffee grown in the shade of trees that provide habitat for animals and insects, a traditional method
19How much water is needed to produce one cup of coffee?
About 140 liters (37 U.S. gallons) on average
20Kopi luwak
Coffee made from beans that have passed through the Asian palm civet's digestive tract, among the world's most expensive
21At what temperature does roasting begin inside the coffee bean?
Approximately 200°C (392°F)
22Caffeol
An oil created during roasting at about 200°C, largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor
23Optimal coffee extraction temperature
Between 91 and 96°C (196 and 205°F)
24Espresso
A brewing method that forces hot pressurized water through finely-ground coffee, typically at 9 bar pressure
25Crema
The reddish-brown foam that floats on the surface of a well-prepared espresso
26Latte
An espresso-based coffee drink made with steamed milk
27Cappuccino
An espresso drink made with equal parts steamed milk and milk froth
28Cold brew coffee
Coffee made by steeping coarsely-ground beans in cold water for several hours, then filtering
29Turkish coffee
Coffee prepared by boiling finely ground beans in a pot called a cezve, producing strong coffee with foam and sediment
30Cocktail
A mixed drink, usually alcoholic, combining spirits with other ingredients like juices, syrups, tonic water, and bitters