Human Anatomy: Nervous & Endocrine

The nervous system and hormonal (endocrine) system.

Already have an account? Sign in

Cards

1. 1Two main parts of the nervous system
   Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
2. 2What organs make up the CNS?
   The brain and spinal cord
3. 3PNS
   All nervous system structures outside the CNS, mainly nerves
4. 4Neurons
   Specialized cells that transmit signals through electrical and chemical signals
5. 5Glial cells
   Support cells that provide nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and assist neuron function
6. 6Axon
   A long fiber extending from a neuron that transmits signals to other cells
7. 7Synapse
   Junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted
8. 8Neurotransmitters
   Chemical messengers released at synapses to transmit signals between neurons
9. 9Myelin
   Fatty insulation around axons that increases signal transmission speed
10. 10What cells produce myelin in the CNS?
    Oligodendrocytes
11. 11What cells produce myelin in the PNS?
    Schwann cells
12. 12Action potential
    An electrochemical wave that travels along an axon to transmit signals
13. 13Two types of synapses
    Electrical synapses and chemical synapses
14. 14Gray matter
    Neural tissue with high concentration of neuron cell bodies (brownish in living tissue)
15. 15White matter
    Neural tissue composed mainly of myelinated axons (appears white)
16. 16Reflex arc
    Simple neural circuit from sensory input to motor output, often without brain involvement
17. 17Motor neurons
    Neurons that transmit signals from CNS to muscles or glands (efferent)
18. 18Sensory neurons
    Neurons that transmit information from the body to the CNS (afferent)
19. 19Two divisions of the PNS
    Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
20. 20What does the somatic nervous system control?
    Voluntary movements via skeletal muscles
21. 21What does the autonomic nervous system control?
    Involuntary functions (internal organs, blood vessels, glands)
22. 22Two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
    Sympathetic and parasympathetic (plus enteric)
23. 23What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
    Activates 'fight or flight' responses, mobilizes energy
24. 24What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
    Activates 'rest and digest' responses, conserves energy
25. 25Enteric nervous system
    Network of neurons controlling the gastrointestinal system
26. 26Cranial nerves
    Nerves that exit from the brain (12 pairs)
27. 27Spinal nerves
    Nerves that exit from the spinal cord
28. 28Acetylcholine
    Neurotransmitter used at neuromuscular junctions and in the autonomic nervous system
29. 29Dopamine
    Neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and movement
30. 30Two most common neurotransmitters
    Glutamate (excitatory) and GABA (inhibitory)

And 49 more cards. Study the whole deck free

Articles about this deck

• Learn the Nervous and Endocrine Systems: 79 Flashcards from Myelin to the PituitaryStudy guide for the Human Anatomy: Nervous & Endocrine deck: CNS vs PNS, myelin, neurotransmitters, pituitary hormones, insulin vs glucagon and 3 gaps to fill.

• 🔬

  Cell Biology: Organelles, Processes & Division

  93 cards · 🇺🇸 English

  Cells, organelles and the processes of cell division.

• 🦋

  Taxonomy & Invertebrates

  123 cards · 🇺🇸 English

  Classification of life's major phyla, with a focus on insects.

• 🐒

  Evolution

  127 cards · 🇺🇸 English

  Mechanisms and evidence of evolution, plus human evolution.

• ⚡

  Metabolism & Energy

  111 cards · 🇺🇸 English

  Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, enzymes and ATP.

• 🧪

  Genetics: Heredity & Biotechnology

  94 cards · 🇺🇸 English

  Mendelian genetics, inheritance problems, genetic engineering and CRISPR.

• 🦴

  Human Anatomy: Skeletal & Muscular

  175 cards · 🇺🇸 English

  Bones, muscles and how the body moves.