Human Anatomy: Skeletal & Muscular

Bones, muscles and how the body moves.

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1. 1How many bones are in an adult human skeleton?
   206 bones
2. 2How many bones are in a newborn baby?
   Approximately 270 bones (some fuse later)
3. 3What percentage of body weight is bone mass?
   About 14% (10–11 kg for an average person)
4. 4Two main divisions of the skeleton
   Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
5. 5How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
   80 bones
6. 6How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
   126 bones
7. 7What does the axial skeleton include?
   Skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and sternum
8. 8What does the appendicular skeleton include?
   Pectoral girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs
9. 9Six major functions of the skeleton
   Support, movement, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage, endocrine regulation
10. 10What organs does the skull protect?
    The brain
11. 11What does the vertebral column protect?
    The spinal cord
12. 12What do the rib cage and sternum protect?
    The lungs, heart, and major blood vessels
13. 13Haematopoiesis
    The production of blood cells in the bone marrow
14. 14Where does haematopoiesis occur in adults?
    Pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum
15. 15Where does haematopoiesis occur in children?
    Mainly in the long bones (femur and tibia)
16. 16What minerals does bone store?
    Calcium and iron (in ferritin)
17. 17Osteocalcin
    A hormone released by bone cells that regulates blood sugar and fat
18. 18How many bones are in the skull?
    22 bones (excluding ear ossicles)
19. 19How many bones are in the vertebral column?
    32–34 bones (depending on sacrum and coccyx)
20. 20How many pairs of ribs do humans have?
    12 pairs
21. 21Parts of the vertebral column
    Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
22. 22How many cervical vertebrae are there?
    7 vertebrae
23. 23How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
    12 vertebrae
24. 24How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
    5 vertebrae
25. 25Sacrum
    A fused bone at the base of the spine, made of 5 fused vertebrae
26. 26Coccyx
    The tailbone, made of 3–5 fused vertebrae
27. 27True ribs
    The first 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum
28. 28False ribs
    Ribs 8–10 that attach indirectly to the sternum via cartilage
29. 29Floating ribs
    Ribs 11–12 that do not attach to the sternum at all
30. 30Sternum
    The breastbone; connects to the ribs anteriorly

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