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Southeast Asian History

79 cards · 🇺🇸 English

The kingdoms, colonization and independence movements of Southeast Asia.

southeast-asia

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What 11 countries make up Southeast Asia?

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  1. 1What 11 countries make up Southeast Asia?
    Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam
  2. 2What are the two geographical divisions of Southeast Asia?
    Mainland Southeast Asia (Indochinese Peninsula) and Maritime Southeast Asia (island nations)
  3. 3Which countries are in Mainland Southeast Asia?
    Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam
  4. 4Which countries are in Maritime Southeast Asia?
    Brunei, East Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, and Timor-Leste
  5. 5What is ASEAN?
    The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a regional organization for economic, political, military, educational, and cultural integration
  6. 6When did Homo erectus first inhabit Southeast Asia?
    Approximately 1,500,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene
  7. 7When did Homo sapiens reach Southeast Asia?
    Between 50,000 BC and 70,000 BC
  8. 8What is the world's oldest known figurative painting?
    A bull painting in Lubang Jeriji Saleh cave in Indonesia, dated 40,000-52,000 years ago
  9. 9What was Sundaland?
    A landmass that connected present-day Western Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula during lower sea levels in prehistoric times
  10. 10What is the Austronesian Expansion?
    The seaborne migration of Austronesian peoples from Taiwan to Southeast Asia, beginning around 7,000-2,200 BC
  11. 11Where did Austronesian peoples spread to?
    Throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and westward to Madagascar
  12. 12Who are the Negritos?
    Descendants of pre-Austronesian populations who now form small minority groups in isolated regions of Southeast Asia
  13. 13What was the Dong Son culture?
    A Bronze Age culture that flourished in Northern Vietnam from about 1000 BC to 1 BC, known for bronze drums
  14. 14When did Southeast Asia enter the Iron Age?
    Around 500 BC, particularly in northern Vietnam
  15. 15What was the original religion of Southeast Asian peoples?
    Animism, involving worship of ancestors, nature, and spirits
  16. 16When did Hinduism and Buddhism first reach Southeast Asia?
    During the first century CE, through Indian traders and Brahmins
  17. 17What is Indianization?
    The gradual adoption of Indian religions, cultures, architectures, and political systems by Southeast Asian rulers and societies
  18. 18What were the Pyu city-states?
    The first Indian-influenced polities in Southeast Asia (circa 2nd century BCE), located in inland Myanmar
  19. 19What was Funan?
    A first-century kingdom centered in the Mekong Delta, the dominant trading power in mainland Southeast Asia for about 5 centuries
  20. 20What was Salakanagara?
    The first recorded Indianized kingdom in maritime Southeast Asia, established in western Java circa 2nd century CE
  21. 21What was Srivijaya?
    A maritime Buddhist empire based in Sumatra that dominated the Strait of Malacca and Sunda Strait for over 5 centuries
  22. 22When did the Chola Empire invade Srivijaya?
    1025 CE, which reshaped regional power and trade
  23. 23What is the Khmer Empire known for?
    A Hindu-Buddhist empire (11th-13th century) that built Angkor Wat and was the largest pre-industrial urban center in the world
  24. 24Where is Angkor Wat located?
    Siem Reap, Cambodia
  25. 25What was Champa?
    A highly Indianized Hindu kingdom located in central Vietnam
  26. 26What happened to Champa in 1471?
    Vietnam launched a massive invasion, ransacking the kingdom, slaughtering thousands, and forcibly assimilating Cham people
  27. 27When did the Mongols invade Southeast Asia?
    13th century CE (1258-1303), targeting Đại Việt, Champa, Burma, and Java
  28. 28Were the Mongol invasions of Southeast Asia successful?
    No, they were repulsed in most cases, though some states became tributary to the Yuan dynasty
  29. 29Who founded the Majapahit Empire?
    Raden Wijaya in 1293, after defeating the Mongol invasion fleet
  30. 30Where was Majapahit located?
    Eastern Java, Indonesia

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