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Renaissance & Enlightenment

158 cards · 🇺🇸 English

The Renaissance rebirth of art and learning, and the Enlightenment's scientific revolution.

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What was the Renaissance?

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  1. 1What was the Renaissance?
    A European cultural movement (roughly 14th-17th centuries) marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity
  2. 2What does the word Renaissance mean?
    Rebirth (from French/Italian rinascita), referring to the revival of classical learning
  3. 3Where did the Renaissance begin?
    In Florence, Italy, around the late 13th to early 14th century
  4. 4When did the Italian Renaissance conclude?
    1527, with the Sack of Rome during the War of the League of Cognac
  5. 5What was rediscovered during the Renaissance?
    The literary, philosophical, and artistic achievements of classical antiquity (Greece and Rome)
  6. 6What is Renaissance humanism?
    An intellectual movement focusing on human potential, classical texts, and secular subjects alongside religious themes
  7. 7What does the phrase "Renaissance man" mean?
    A polymath with expertise in multiple fields, inspired by figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
  8. 8Who is considered the father of Renaissance humanism?
    Petrarch (1304-1374), for his revival of classical Latin texts
  9. 9Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
    A Renaissance polymath known for art (Mona Lisa, Last Supper), science, engineering, and anatomy
  10. 10Who was Michelangelo?
    A Renaissance artist famous for the Sistine Chapel ceiling, David sculpture, and St. Peter's Basilica
  11. 11Who was Raphael?
    A Renaissance painter known for harmonious compositions like the School of Athens
  12. 12Who was Dante Alighieri?
    Italian poet (1265-1321) who wrote the Divine Comedy, helping establish vernacular Italian literature
  13. 13Who was Niccolò Machiavelli?
    Political philosopher who wrote The Prince, examining political power pragmatically
  14. 14Who was Erasmus?
    A Dutch humanist scholar who promoted Christian reform and biblical scholarship
  15. 15Who was Thomas More?
    English humanist who wrote Utopia and served as Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII
  16. 16What was the Medici family's role in the Renaissance?
    Wealthy Florentine bankers who patronized arts and sciences, especially under Lorenzo de' Medici
  17. 17Who was Lorenzo de' Medici?
    "Lorenzo the Magnificent" (1449-1492), ruler of Florence and great patron of Renaissance artists
  18. 18What invention revolutionized the spread of Renaissance ideas?
    The printing press with movable metal type, perfected by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440
  19. 19What was the first major book printed with movable type?
    The Gutenberg Bible (c. 1455)
  20. 20What is linear perspective in art?
    A technique for creating the illusion of depth on a flat surface, formalized during the Renaissance
  21. 21Who formalized the rules of linear perspective?
    Filippo Brunelleschi demonstrated it, and Leon Battista Alberti wrote the theory
  22. 22What is chiaroscuro?
    The use of strong contrasts between light and dark in painting
  23. 23What is sfumato?
    A painting technique creating soft, gradual transitions between colors and tones (perfected by Leonardo)
  24. 24What was the Vitruvian Man?
    Leonardo da Vinci's drawing demonstrating ideal human proportions based on Vitruvius
  25. 25What is the Mona Lisa?
    Leonardo da Vinci's famous portrait known for its enigmatic smile and innovative techniques
  26. 26What is the Sistine Chapel ceiling?
    Michelangelo's masterpiece fresco depicting biblical scenes, especially the Creation of Adam
  27. 27Who painted The Birth of Venus?
    Sandro Botticelli, depicting the goddess Venus emerging from the sea
  28. 28What was the School of Athens?
    Raphael's fresco depicting great philosophers of antiquity in an idealized setting
  29. 29Who sculpted David?
    Michelangelo (1501-1504), a marble masterpiece depicting the biblical hero
  30. 30What architectural achievement was Brunelleschi famous for?
    Designing and building the dome of Florence Cathedral

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