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Cold War

96 cards · 🇺🇸 English

The geopolitical standoff between the USA and USSR from 1947 to 1991.

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What was the Cold War?

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  1. 1What was the Cold War?
    A period of geopolitical rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union and their allies, from 1947 to 1991
  2. 2Why was it called the 'Cold War'?
    Because there was no direct military conflict between the two superpowers, though they supported opposing sides in proxy wars
  3. 3When did the Cold War begin?
    Commonly dated to March 12, 1947 with the Truman Doctrine
  4. 4When did the Cold War end?
    December 26, 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union
  5. 5What were the two opposing blocs?
    The capitalist Western Bloc led by the United States and the communist Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union
  6. 6What was the Iron Curtain?
    The ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into Western and Eastern spheres
  7. 7Who popularized the term 'Iron Curtain'?
    Winston Churchill in his 1946 'Sinews of Peace' speech in Fulton, Missouri
  8. 8What was the Truman Doctrine?
    1947 U.S. policy to provide economic and military aid to countries resisting communism
  9. 9What was the Marshall Plan?
    1948 U.S. program providing economic aid to rebuild Western Europe after World War II
  10. 10What was containment?
    U.S. strategy to prevent the spread of communism without direct war with the Soviet Union
  11. 11Who formulated the containment policy?
    George F. Kennan in his 'Long Telegram' and 'X Article'
  12. 12What was NATO?
    North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a Western military alliance formed in 1949
  13. 13What was the Warsaw Pact?
    Military alliance of Eastern Bloc countries formed in 1955 in response to NATO
  14. 14What was the Berlin Blockade?
    1948-1949 Soviet attempt to cut off Western access to West Berlin
  15. 15What was the Berlin Airlift?
    Western operation to supply West Berlin by air during the Soviet blockade
  16. 16When was the Berlin Wall built?
    August 13, 1961
  17. 17Why was the Berlin Wall built?
    To prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin
  18. 18When did the Berlin Wall fall?
    November 9, 1989
  19. 19What was the Korean War?
    1950-1953 conflict between North Korea (supported by China/USSR) and South Korea (supported by UN/U.S.)
  20. 20How did the Korean War end?
    In stalemate with an armistice in 1953; Korea remains divided
  21. 21What was the Vietnam War?
    1955-1975 conflict between North Vietnam (communist) and South Vietnam (backed by the U.S.)
  22. 22How did the Vietnam War end?
    With communist victory and unification of Vietnam under communist rule in 1975
  23. 23What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
    October 1962 confrontation over Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, the closest the Cold War came to nuclear war
  24. 24How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?
    Soviets withdrew missiles from Cuba; U.S. secretly agreed to remove missiles from Turkey
  25. 25What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?
    Failed 1961 CIA-backed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba
  26. 26Who was Fidel Castro?
    Cuban revolutionary who led the 1959 Cuban Revolution and established a communist government
  27. 27What was the Space Race?
    Competition between the U.S. and USSR for spaceflight supremacy
  28. 28What was Sputnik?
    First artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957
  29. 29Who was the first human in space?
    Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in 1961
  30. 30Who was the first person to walk on the moon?
    American astronaut Neil Armstrong in 1969

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