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Interwar Period

51 cards · 🇺🇸 English

The years between the World Wars: the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression and rising fascism.

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What were the dates of the interwar period?

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1What were the dates of the interwar period?
November 11, 1918 to September 1, 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) - from the end of WWI to the beginning of WWII
2What is the Latin term for the interwar period?
Interbellum, meaning 'between the wars'
3What were the Roaring Twenties?
A prosperous period of social and economic mobility, particularly for the middle class, characterized by petroleum-based energy production and mechanization
4What technological advances became common in the first world during the 1920s?
Automobiles, electric lighting, radio, and other modern conveniences
5What major economic crisis followed the Roaring Twenties?
The Great Depression - an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies
6What political movement rose in Russia at the end of WWI?
Communism, starting with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War
7What political movement rose in Germany and Italy during the interwar period?
Fascism, particularly under Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy
8Which four empires were dismantled after WWI?
The Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and German Empires
9What happened to Ottoman territories after WWI?
They were redistributed among the Allies, chiefly Britain and France
10What new nation did the Bolsheviks form?
The Soviet Union, after regaining control of Belarus, Ukraine, Central Asia, and the Caucasus
11Which countries became independent from the Russian Empire?
Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland
12What event marked the end of the interwar period?
The German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, starting World War II
13What was the Dawes Plan?
An American plan where Wall Street invested heavily in Germany, which used the money to pay reparations to Allied nations, who in turn used dollars to pay war debts to the US
14What major international organization was formed after WWI?
The League of Nations
15What was the Washington Naval Conference of 1921?
A conference sponsored by US Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes that determined how many capital ships each major country was allowed
16What was the London Naval Treaty of 1930?
A treaty that added cruisers and submarines to the list of ship allocations from the Washington Naval Conference
17What defined the Jazz Age?
Novel social and cultural trends, Art Deco, knee-length skirts, bobbed hair with Marcel waves, and the emergence of 'flappers'
18Who were flappers?
Young women who pioneered trends like knee-length skirts, bobbed hair, and modern social behaviors in the 1920s
19What was the March on Rome?
A 1922 event where Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party threatened Rome, leading to Mussolini coming to power in Italy
20When did women's suffrage expand during the interwar period?
Canada in 1917, Britain in 1918, and the United States in 1920, among other countries
21When did the Great Depression start?
After 1929, with most countries experiencing it from 1929 until the late 1930s
22What was Black Tuesday?
The stock market crash of October 29, 1929, which brought the Great Depression to worldwide attention
23How much did worldwide GDP fall during the Great Depression?
By an estimated 15% between 1929 and 1932
24How high did unemployment rise during the Great Depression?
25% in the United States and as high as 33% in some countries
25What happened to crop prices during the Great Depression?
They fell by about 60%, devastating farming communities and rural areas
26What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
A failed 1923 Nazi coup attempt in Germany, occurring during the German hyperinflation crisis
27What characterized fascist ideology?
Extreme militaristic nationalism, economic self-containment, aggression toward neighbors, oppression of minorities, ridicule of democracy while using its techniques, and disgust with cultural liberalism
28What was Japan's main economic weakness?
A shortage of raw materials - 100% of aluminum, 85% of iron ore, and 79% of oil supplies had to be imported
29What were the Twenty-One Demands?
Japan's 1915 efforts to dominate China, which were pushed back by the other Allies
30What was the Racial Equality Proposal?
A proposal by Japan at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference that led to increasing diplomatic isolation when it was rejected