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Nursing Fundamentals

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Core concepts, roles and the nursing process.

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Nursing according to its professional definition

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  1. 1Nursing according to its professional definition
    A health care profession that integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence
  2. 2Nursing process as defined by the American Nurses Association
    Five steps: 1) evaluate, 2) implement, 3) plan, 4) diagnose, and 5) assess
  3. 3Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing
    Using research findings integrated with clinical expertise and patient preferences to guide clinical decision-making
  4. 4Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) vs Registered Nurses (RN) in the United States
    LPNs have less education than RNs and accordingly have a narrower scope of practice
  5. 5Where and when was the world's first nursing school opened?
    La Source, in Lausanne, Switzerland, opened by Valérie de Gasparin and her husband Agénor de Gasparin
  6. 6Scope of practice for nurse practitioners in the United States
    Nurses with a graduate degree in advanced practice nursing who are permitted to prescribe medications and practice independently in a variety of settings in more than half of the United States
  7. 7Traditional interpretation of the difference between physicians and nurses
    Physicians are concerned with curing or treating medical conditions, while nurses focus on care
  8. 8Medication management in nursing
    A common hospital nursing role involving administering and managing medications prescribed by others, evaluating patients throughout their care, and making adjustments to medications through collaborative effort
  9. 9Nurses' legal responsibility regarding medication administration in the United States
    Nurses are legally responsible for the drugs they administer and have the right to refuse to administer medication they deem potentially harmful
  10. 10Role of assessment in nursing
    An essential nursing skill involving assessing patients' physical and mental health, noticing acute changes, evaluating response to treatments, taking health histories, and assessing patients' understanding of their health status
  11. 11Critical thinking in nursing
    An important skill for nurses to quickly assess a patient and determine the best course of action, especially in emergency situations
  12. 12Why is patient education important in nursing?
    Effective patient/family education leads to better outcomes; nurses explain procedures, recovery, and ongoing care while helping everyone cope with the medical situation
  13. 13Activities of daily living (ADL) that nurses help coordinate
    Hygiene and toileting, assisting in patient mobility such as moving an activity intolerant patient within a bed
  14. 14Some settings where nurses work
    Hospitals, private homes, schools, pharmaceutical companies, occupational health settings, clinics, physician offices, nurse-led clinics, long-term care facilities, camps, cruise ships, military bases, and combat settings
  15. 15Three types of workplace violence that nurses can experience
    Physical violence (hitting, kicking, beating, punching, biting, using objects), psychological violence (threats or coercion), and sexual violence (attempted/completed non-consensual sex act)
  16. 16What percentage of serious violent incidents in health care centers were committed by patients?
    80%
  17. 17Environmental factors that contribute to workplace violence in nursing
    Specific setting (e.g., emergency department), long patient wait times, frequent interruptions, uncertainty regarding patients' treatment, and heavy workloads
  18. 18Organizational factors that contribute to workplace violence in nursing
    Inefficient teamwork, organizational injustice, lack of aggression- and stress-management programs, and distrust between colleagues
  19. 19Individual psychosocial factors that contribute to workplace violence in nursing
    Nurses being young and inexperienced, previous experiences with violence, and a lack of communication skills
  20. 20What percentage of nursing students reported that registered nurses were the main perpetrators of harassment or bullying?
    The text indicates registered nurses including preceptors, mentors, and clinical facilitators were the most common perpetrators of harassment or bullying of nursing students
  21. 21Compassion fatigue in nursing
    A risk that nurses face which can damage mental health, related to the emotional demands of providing care
  22. 22Moral distress in nursing
    A mental health risk for nurses related to ethical conflicts and constraints in providing care
  23. 23Burnout and emotional exhaustion rates among nurses
    40% occupational burnout rate and 43.2% emotional exhaustion rate
  24. 24Most frequently injured body part for nurses
    The back, with up to 72% of nurses reporting non-specific low back pain
  25. 25What percentage of reported musculoskeletal injuries in healthcare are related to patient handling?
    Anywhere from 30 to 70%
  26. 26According to NIOSH, what is the single greatest factor in overexertion injuries for nurses?
    The manual lifting, moving and repositioning of patients
  27. 27What has research shown about manual patient handling techniques?
    The body of evidence has demonstrated that manual patient handling training interventions are ineffective
  28. 28Causes of stress among nurses
    The environment, psychosocial stressors, demands of nursing including mastering new technology, emotional labor, physical labor, shift work, and high workload
  29. 29What health problems are nurses at risk for due to occupational stress?
    Short-term and long-term problems including sleep disorders, depression, mortality, psychiatric disorders, stress-related illnesses, and overall poor health
  30. 30What interventions can mitigate occupational hazards for nurses?
    Individual-focused interventions (stress management programs) and organization-focused interventions (reducing stressful aspects of work environment); combining both is most effective

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