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Mechanics: Momentum, Rotation & Gravity

118 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Momentum, collisions, rotational motion and gravity.

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  1. 1Physics
    The scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force
  2. 2Classical mechanics
    A branch of physics concerned with bodies acted on by forces and bodies in motion, developed before the 20th century and valid for large-scale, slow-moving objects
  3. 3Three main divisions of classical mechanics
    Statics (forces on non-accelerating bodies), kinematics (study of motion without regard to causes), and dynamics (study of motion and forces)
  4. 4Momentum
    A vector quantity representing the product of an object's mass and velocity (p = mv)
  5. 5Formula for momentum
    p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity
  6. 6Is momentum a scalar or vector quantity?
    A vector quantity—it has both magnitude and direction
  7. 7SI unit of momentum
    kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s)
  8. 8Newton's cradle
    A device demonstrating conservation of momentum and energy, where swinging balls transfer momentum through a series of stationary balls
  9. 9Law of conservation of momentum
    The total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it
  10. 10Closed system in physics
    A system isolated from external forces where internal interactions occur but no external influences affect the system
  11. 11Impulse in physics
    The change in momentum of an object, equal to the force applied multiplied by the time interval (J = FΔt)
  12. 12Relationship between impulse and momentum
    Impulse equals the change in momentum: J = Δp = mΔv
  13. 13Collision in physics
    An event where two or more bodies exert forces on each other for a relatively short time
  14. 14Two main types of collisions
    Elastic collisions (kinetic energy is conserved) and inelastic collisions (kinetic energy is not conserved)
  15. 15Elastic collision
    A collision where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
  16. 16Inelastic collision
    A collision where momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not (some energy converts to heat, sound, deformation)
  17. 17Perfectly inelastic collision
    A collision where objects stick together after impact, moving as one combined mass
  18. 18Is momentum conserved in all types of collisions?
    Yes, momentum is conserved in all collisions in a closed system, regardless of elasticity
  19. 19Is kinetic energy conserved in all collisions?
    No, kinetic energy is only conserved in perfectly elastic collisions
  20. 20What happens to kinetic energy lost in inelastic collisions?
    It transforms into other forms of energy such as heat, sound, or deformation of materials
  21. 21Newton's second law of motion
    The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied: F = ma or F = dp/dt
  22. 22How is force related to momentum?
    Force equals the rate of change of momentum: F = dp/dt
  23. 23Newton's third law of motion
    For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction—forces between two objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
  24. 24How does Newton's third law relate to collisions?
    During a collision, the forces the two objects exert on each other are equal and opposite, ensuring momentum conservation
  25. 25Center of mass
    The point where the total mass of a system can be considered to be concentrated for analyzing motion
  26. 26How does the center of mass move in a closed system?
    In the absence of external forces, the center of mass moves with constant velocity (or remains at rest)
  27. 27Kinematics
    The study of motion without considering the forces that cause it
  28. 28Dynamics
    The study of motion and the forces that affect it
  29. 29Statics
    The study of forces on bodies at rest or moving with constant velocity (no acceleration)
  30. 30Velocity
    A vector quantity representing the rate of change of position with time (has magnitude and direction)

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