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Energy, Work & Power

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The core concepts of energy, work and power.

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Energy

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  1. 1Energy
    The quantitative property transferred to a body or physical system, recognizable in the capacity to do work and in the form of heat and light
  2. 2SI unit of energy
    The joule (J)
  3. 3Etymology of the word energy
    From Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia) meaning 'activity'
  4. 4Law of conservation of energy
    Energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed
  5. 5Two main categories of energy
    Kinetic energy (energy of movement) and potential energy (stored energy based on position in a field)
  6. 6Kinetic energy
    Energy determined by the movement of an object or composite motion of its components
  7. 7Potential energy
    Energy reflecting the potential of an object to have motion, based on its position within a field
  8. 8Mechanical energy
    The sum of translational and rotational kinetic and potential energy within a system
  9. 9Nuclear energy
    The combined potentials within an atomic nucleus from the nuclear force or weak force
  10. 10Vis viva
    Latin for 'living force,' proposed by Gottfried Leibniz as the product of mass and velocity squared
  11. 11Thermodynamics
    The field formalized by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) based on conservation of energy theory
  12. 12Noether's theorem
    Conservation of energy is a consequence of the translational symmetry of time (laws of physics don't change over time)
  13. 13Einstein's mass-energy equivalence
    E = mc², showing rest mass corresponds to an equivalent amount of rest energy
  14. 14Joule in terms of base units
    1 joule = 1 kg·m²·s⁻²
  15. 15Watt
    The SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second
  16. 16Kilowatt-hour
    Energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour, equal to 3.6 million joules
  17. 17CGS energy unit
    The erg
  18. 18Imperial energy unit
    The foot-pound
  19. 19Work in physics
    Force times distance, W = ∫ F · dr along a path
  20. 20Is work frame-dependent?
    Yes, energy and work are frame-dependent quantities
  21. 21Hamiltonian
    The total energy of a system, after William Rowan Hamilton
  22. 22Lagrangian
    Kinetic energy minus potential energy (L = T − V), after Joseph-Louis Lagrange
  23. 23Activation energy
    The energy barrier that reactants must surmount for a chemical reaction to occur
  24. 24Arrhenius equation
    The exponential dependence of reaction rate on temperature related to activation energy
  25. 25Boltzmann population factor
    e^(−E/kT), the probability of a molecule having energy greater than or equal to E at temperature T
  26. 26Cellular respiration
    The process providing energy stored in nutrients like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
  27. 27Photosynthesis
    The process where plants capture sunlight's radiant energy as chemical potential energy
  28. 28Catabolism
    The breakdown of organic molecules triggered by enzyme action to release stored energy
  29. 29Basal metabolic rate
    The food energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest
  30. 30MET
    Metabolic equivalent of task, comparing energy expenditure per unit mass during physical activity to a baseline

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