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Electricity & Magnetism

127 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Charge, fields, circuits, magnetism and electromagnetic induction.

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Electricity

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  1. 1Electricity
    The set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge
  2. 2Electricity related to
    Magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations
  3. 3What produces an electric field?
    The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge
  4. 4Electric current
    The motion of electric charge carriers, which also produces a magnetic field
  5. 5What determines the force acting on an electrically charged particle?
    Coulomb's law determines the force in most applications
  6. 6Electric potential
    The work done to move an electric charge from one position to another within an electric field, typically measured in volts
  7. 7Electricity's role in modern technologies
    Central role in electric power (energizing equipment) and electronics (circuits with active components like transistors and diodes)
  8. 8What did ancient texts from 2750 BCE describe?
    Ancient Egyptian texts described electric fish as the 'protectors' of all other fish
  9. 9What ancient writers reported electric shocks?
    Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus attested to numbing effects of electric shocks from electric catfish and electric rays
  10. 10How did ancient cultures use electric fish medically?
    Patients with gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish hoping the jolt might cure them
  11. 11What did Thales observe about amber?
    That rods of amber rubbed with cat's fur could attract light objects like feathers
  12. 12What did Thales incorrectly believe?
    That friction rendered amber magnetic, confusing it with magnetite which needed no rubbing
  13. 13Baghdad Battery
    A 1936 discovery resembling a galvanic cell, suggesting Parthians may have known of electroplating (though uncertain)
  14. 14What word did Gilbert coin?
    The Neo-Latin word electricus ('of amber' or 'like amber') from the Greek word for amber (elektron)
  15. 15What did Franklin's kite experiment prove?
    That lightning was indeed electrical in nature (sparks jumped from the key to his hand)
  16. 16Leyden jar
    A device for storing large amounts of electrical charge, explained by Franklin in terms of positive and negative charges
  17. 17First solid-state device
    The cat's-whisker detector first used in the 1900s in radio receivers
  18. 18Modern convention for electric charge
    Charge carried by electrons is defined as negative, and by protons as positive
  19. 19Elementary charge value
    Exactly 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ coulombs (a proton carries this charge; an electron carries the equal negative)
  20. 20Elementary charge rule
    No object can have a charge smaller than the elementary charge; any charge is a multiple of it
  21. 21Axiom about charged objects
    Like-charged objects repel and opposite-charged objects attract
  22. 22Coulomb's law
    The electromagnetic force is given by the product of the charges with an inverse-square relation to the distance between them
  23. 23How strong is the electromagnetic force?
    Very strong, second only to the strong interaction, but operates over all distances
  24. 24How does electromagnetic force compare to gravitational force?
    The electromagnetic force pushing two electrons apart is 10⁴² times that of the gravitational attraction pulling them together
  25. 25Charge in terms of conservation
    A conserved quantity; net charge within an electrically isolated system always remains constant
  26. 26Static electricity
    The net presence (or 'imbalance') of charge on a body, usually caused when dissimilar materials are rubbed together
  27. 27What early instrument measures charge?
    The gold-leaf electroscope (still used for classroom demonstrations, superseded by the electronic electrometer)
  28. 28Conventional current
    Current defined as having the same direction of flow as positive charge, flowing from most positive to most negative part of circuit
  29. 29Electrical conduction
    The process by which electric current passes through a material
  30. 30Examples of electric currents
    Metallic conduction (electrons through a conductor) and electrolysis (ions flowing through liquids or plasmas)

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