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Ecosystems, Water Cycle & Pollution

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Ecosystems, the water cycle and pollution.

environmental-scienceecosystemspollution

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Environmental science

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  1. 1Environmental science
    An academic field that integrates physical, biological, and mathematical sciences to study the environment and solve environmental problems using an interdisciplinary approach
  2. 2What fields does environmental science integrate?
    Biology, chemistry, physics, geology, engineering, sociology, and ecology
  3. 3What book by Rachel Carson spurred environmental awareness?
    Silent Spring, published in 1962, which led the American public to pursue environmental safeguards like bans on harmful chemicals like DDT
  4. 4environmental science vs ecology
    Ecology studies organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment; environmental science is broader and includes chemical and public health issues ecologists wouldn't study
  5. 5Environmental studies
    A field that incorporates more social sciences to understand human relationships, perceptions, and policies towards the environment
  6. 6Environmental engineering
    A field that focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect
  7. 7First legislation limiting deforestation
    Established in Mesopotamia in 2700 BCE
  8. 8What environmental issue occurred in 2500 BCE in the Indus River Valley?
    A community manipulated the river system to improve sanitation and public health
  9. 9Naturalis Historia
    A text by Pliny the Elder (77-79 ACE) that provided an overview of many environmental science subsets
  10. 10Systema Naturae
    A text by Linnaeus representing one of the earliest culminations of knowledge on classifying species based on how they interact with their environment
  11. 11Scientists studying in the 1820s regarding Earth's atmosphere
    The properties of gases in Earth's atmosphere and their interactions with heat from the Sun
  12. 12What temperature anomaly was found in the Atlantic Ocean in the 1940s?
    A 1.3 degrees Celsius temperature anomaly, which renewed studies of gaseous heat trapping from the greenhouse effect
  13. 13How did nuclear development after WWII help environmental science?
    It allowed environmental scientists to intensively study the effects of carbon and make advancements in the field
  14. 14DDT
    An insecticide that was banned after Rachel Carson's Silent Spring raised awareness of its harmful effects
  15. 15'The Tragedy of the Commons'
    A work published by Garrett Hardin in 1968 in response to accelerating natural degradation
  16. 16United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
    Created by the United Nations in 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden to address global environmental degradation
  17. 17Three Mile Island incident
    A nuclear power plant meltdown in Pennsylvania in 1979 that raised concerns about radioactive waste and nuclear safety
  18. 18Bhopal disaster
    In 1984, toxic methyl isocyanate gas was released to the public from a power plant in Bhopal, India, harming hundreds of thousands of people; effects still felt today
  19. 19Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
    Chemicals previously used in nearly all aerosols and refrigerants, later banned after discovery of the ozone hole
  20. 20Brundtland Commission
    Previously known as the World Commission on Environment and Development, it published 'Our Common Future' addressing sustainable development
  21. 21Montreal Protocol
    An international agreement that formed the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) focused on finding solutions for climate change
  22. 22Exxon Valdez incident
    In the late 1980s, the Exxon Valdez company spilled large quantities of crude oil off the coast of Alaska, requiring extensive cleanup
  23. 23Paris Agreement
    Formerly the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 2016; sets concrete goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restrict Earth's temperature rise to a 2°C maximum
  24. 24Deepwater Horizon spill
    In 2010, BP was responsible for the largest American oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, killing workers and releasing large amounts of crude oil
  25. 25Atmospheric science
    The focus on Earth's atmosphere with emphasis on its interrelation to other systems, including meteorology, greenhouse gas phenomena, and atmospheric dispersion
  26. 26What does ecology study according to the Ecological Society of America?
    The relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; seeks to understand vital connections between plants, animals, and the world
  27. 27Environmental chemistry
    The study of chemical alterations in the environment, including soil contamination and water pollution, chemical degradation, and chemical effects on biota
  28. 28Geosciences in environmental science
    Environmental geology, environmental soil science, volcanic phenomena, and evolution of Earth's crust; can also include hydrology and oceanography
  29. 29National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
    A 1969 U.S. law requiring analysis of federal government actions in terms of specific environmental criteria before development
  30. 30Environmental Impact Statement
    A document prepared under NEPA analyzing the environmental consequences of proposed development actions

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