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AP Physics 1

169 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Comprehensive AP Physics 1 review covering kinematics, forces, energy, momentum, rotation, oscillations, and fluids - all algebra-based mechanics topics

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What is kinematics?

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1What is kinematics?
The study of motion without considering the forces that cause it
2What is displacement?
The change in position; a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction
3What is the difference between distance and displacement?
Distance is the total path traveled (scalar); displacement is the straight-line change in position from start to end (vector)
4What is velocity?
The rate of change of displacement with respect to time; a vector quantity (m/s)
5What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is the magnitude of velocity (scalar); velocity includes direction (vector)
6What is acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity with respect to time; a vector quantity (m/s²)
7What is the equation for average velocity?
v_avg = Δx/Δt = (x_f - x_i)/(t_f - t_i)
8What is the equation for average acceleration?
a_avg = Δv/Δt = (v_f - v_i)/(t_f - t_i)
9What are the kinematic equations for constant acceleration?
v = v₀ + at; x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²; v² = v₀² + 2a(x - x₀); x = x₀ + ½(v + v₀)t
10What is free fall?
Motion under the influence of gravity alone, with acceleration a = g = 9.8 m/s² downward (on Earth)
11What is projectile motion?
Two-dimensional motion of an object under the influence of gravity, with independent horizontal and vertical components
12In projectile motion, what is the horizontal acceleration?
Zero (assuming no air resistance); horizontal velocity is constant
13In projectile motion, what is the vertical acceleration?
-g = -9.8 m/s² (downward)
14What is the range of a projectile?
The horizontal distance traveled; maximum range occurs at 45° launch angle (with same initial and final heights)
15What is circular motion?
Motion along a circular path at constant or varying speed
16What is centripetal acceleration?
Acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path: a_c = v²/r
17What is the period (T) in circular motion?
The time for one complete revolution: T = 2πr/v
18What is frequency (f)?
The number of revolutions per unit time: f = 1/T (measured in Hz or s⁻¹)
19What is Newton's First Law?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force (Law of Inertia)
20What is Newton's Second Law?
The net force on an object equals its mass times acceleration: F_net = ma
21What is Newton's Third Law?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; forces come in pairs
22What is mass?
A measure of an object's inertia or resistance to acceleration (kg)
23What is weight?
The gravitational force on an object: W = mg (measured in Newtons)
24What is the normal force?
The perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on an object
25What is friction?
A force that opposes motion between surfaces in contact
26What is static friction?
Friction that prevents an object from starting to move: f_s ≤ μ_s N
27What is kinetic friction?
Friction that opposes the motion of a sliding object: f_k = μ_k N
28What is the coefficient of friction?
A dimensionless constant (μ) that depends on the materials in contact; μ_s (static) is typically greater than μ_k (kinetic)
29What is tension?
The pulling force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable
30What is the gravitational force equation?
F = G(m₁m₂)/r², where G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²