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Medieval Europe

96 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Feudalism, kingdoms and daily life in medieval Europe.

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What period does the Middle Ages cover?

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1What period does the Middle Ages cover?
Approximately 500-1500 AD, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance
2What are the three sub-periods of the Middle Ages?
Early Middle Ages (500-1000), High Middle Ages (1000-1250), and Late Middle Ages (1250-1500)
3When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
476 AD when Romulus Augustulus was deposed
4What were the 'Dark Ages'?
A term formerly used for the Early Middle Ages, now considered outdated by historians
5Who were the Germanic tribes?
Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Franks, Angles, Saxons, and others who migrated into the Roman Empire
6What was the Migration Period?
The movement of Germanic and other peoples into and within the former Roman Empire (c. 300-700 AD)
7Who was Clovis I?
King of the Franks (481-511) who converted to Christianity and founded the Merovingian dynasty
8What was the Byzantine Empire?
The continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire, lasting until 1453
9Who was Justinian I?
Byzantine emperor (527-565) who reconquered parts of the Western Roman Empire and codified Roman law
10What was Justinian's Code?
The Corpus Juris Civilis, a comprehensive codification of Roman law
11When did Islam arise?
Early 7th century with the prophet Muhammad
12What was the Umayyad Caliphate?
Islamic empire (661-750) that expanded into Spain, North Africa, and the Middle East
13What was the Battle of Tours?
732 AD, where Charles Martel defeated Muslim forces, halting Islamic expansion into Western Europe
14Who was Charlemagne?
King of the Franks (768-814) who created the Carolingian Empire and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800
15When was Charlemagne crowned emperor?
Christmas Day, 800 AD by Pope Leo III
16What was the Carolingian Renaissance?
A period of intellectual and cultural revival under Charlemagne
17What was the Treaty of Verdun?
843 AD, divided Charlemagne's empire among his three grandsons
18What were the Viking raids?
Scandinavian raiders who attacked coastal areas of Europe from the late 8th to 11th centuries
19When did the Vikings raid Lindisfarne?
793 AD, marking the beginning of the Viking Age
20Who were the Normans?
Vikings who settled in northern France (Normandy) and adopted French culture
21What was the Battle of Hastings?
1066, where William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson and conquered England
22What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
An embroidered cloth depicting the Norman conquest of England
23What was feudalism?
A hierarchical system of land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals
24Who were vassals?
Lesser nobles who pledged loyalty and military service to a lord in exchange for land (a fief)
25What was a fief?
Land granted by a lord to a vassal in return for service
26What was manorialism?
The economic system where peasants worked on a lord's manor in exchange for protection and land use
27Who were serfs?
Peasants bound to the land who could not leave without their lord's permission
28What was the three-field system?
An agricultural innovation where fields were rotated between crops and fallow to maintain fertility
29What was chivalry?
The code of conduct for knights emphasizing bravery, courtesy, honor, and protection of the weak
30What were knights?
Mounted warriors who served lords and were part of the feudal military system