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Feudal Japan: Samurai & Shoguns

59 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Samurai, shoguns and the feudal military rule of Japan.

japansamuraishoguns

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Who were the samurai?

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  1. 1Who were the samurai?
    Warrior class in Japan who served noble families and controlled private armies
  2. 2What is a shōgun?
    Military dictator of Japan, originally meaning 'Eastern Barbarian Subduing Great General' (seii tai-shōgun)
  3. 3Who was Minamoto no Yoritomo?
    Founder of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192, the first military government where shoguns and samurai were de facto rulers
  4. 4What was the Genpei War?
    A conflict from 1180-1185 between the Minamoto and Taira clans, won by the Minamoto
  5. 5When was the Kamakura period?
    1185–1333
  6. 6What was the bakufu?
    The military government or shogunate, literally meaning 'tent government' referring to soldiers' encampments
  7. 7What was the Battle of Dan-no-ura?
    A decisive naval battle in 1185 where Minamoto no Yoshitsune defeated the Taira clan, sealing Minamoto victory
  8. 8Where did Minamoto no Yoritomo establish his capital?
    Kamakura, in the Kantō region of eastern Japan
  9. 9What were shōen?
    Private tax-exempt manors owned by noble families and religious orders
  10. 10What prompted the rise of samurai armies?
    As shōen owners became tax-exempt, the imperial court lost revenue for a national army, so landowners created their own samurai forces
  11. 11What were the Mongol invasions of Japan?
    Two full-scale invasion attempts by Kublai Khan in 1274 and 1281, both repelled with help from typhoons called 'kamikaze'
  12. 12What does kamikaze mean?
    Divine wind - the typhoons that destroyed the Mongol fleet during their invasions
  13. 13What was the consequence of the Mongol invasions for the Kamakura shogunate?
    Victory depleted finances, and the shogunate couldn't compensate vassals, permanently damaging relations with the samurai class
  14. 14Who was Hōjō Masako?
    Yoritomo's wife who became the true power behind the government after his death in 1199
  15. 15What was the role of the Hōjō regents?
    They wielded actual power while Minamoto shoguns became puppets, starting with Hōjō Tokimasa in 1203
  16. 16What were shugo and jitō?
    Provincial governors selected by Yoritomo from among his vassals (gokenin) to maintain order in their provinces
  17. 17What was the Jōkyū War of 1221?
    A failed rebellion by retired Emperor Go-Toba against the shogunate to restore political power to the imperial court
  18. 18What happened to Emperor Go-Toba after the Jōkyū War?
    He was exiled to Oki Island along with two other emperors
  19. 19Who overthrew the Kamakura shogunate in 1333?
    Emperor Go-Daigo launched a rebellion, and General Ashikaga Takauji joined forces with him instead of quelling the revolt
  20. 20When was the Muromachi period?
    1333–1568
  21. 21Who founded the Ashikaga shogunate?
    Ashikaga Takauji, who captured Kyoto and was appointed shogun in 1338
  22. 22What was the Kenmu Restoration?
    Emperor Go-Daigo's ambitious attempt to monopolize power in the imperial court after 1333
  23. 23What was the Nanboku-chō period?
    A period of conflict between the Northern Court (Kyoto) and Southern Court (Yoshino) from 1338 onwards
  24. 24Where did Takauji set up his shogunate?
    In the Muromachi district of Kyoto
  25. 25What were daimyō?
    Feudal lords who controlled domains and often refused to obey the shogun
  26. 26Who was Ashikaga Yoshimitsu?
    Takauji's grandson who came to power in 1368, expanded shogunate power, and ended the civil war in 1392 by uniting the Northern and Southern Courts
  27. 27What is Kinkaku-ji?
    The Golden Pavilion, built in 1397 by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in Kyoto
  28. 28What was the Ōnin War?
    A conflict starting in 1467 over shogun succession that destroyed Kyoto and lasted until 1477
  29. 29What was the Sengoku period?
    The Warring States period when daimyō fought for control of Japan after the Ōnin War
  30. 30Who were Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen?
    Two of the most powerful daimyō during the Sengoku period

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