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Medical Anatomy: Thorax, Abdomen & Pelvis

100 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Chest wall, thoracic and abdominal organs, and the pelvic region.

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Thorax

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1Thorax
A part of the anatomy located between the neck and the abdomen; includes the thoracic cavity and thoracic wall, containing organs like the heart, lungs, and thymus
2What does the word 'thorax' derive from?
The Greek θώραξ (thṓrax) meaning 'breastplate, cuirass, corslet' via Latin
3Thoracic skeleton
A component of the axial skeleton consisting of the ribs and sternum
4How many ribs are in the human thorax?
12 pairs of ribs, numbered 1-12 in ascending order
5True ribs
Ribs 1-7, which attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilage
6False ribs
Ribs 8-10, which attach indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the rib above
7Floating ribs
Ribs 11 and 12, which have no anterior attachment to the sternum
8Sternum
The breastbone; a flat bone in the center of the chest composed of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
9Xiphoid process
The small, cartilaginous extension at the inferior end of the sternum
10Sternal angle
A transverse ridge on the sternum marking the junction between the manubrium and body, located at the level of the second rib
11Suprasternal notch
A visible depression at the superior border of the manubrium, above the sternal angle
12What organs are contained in the thorax?
Heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels (aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries)
13Diaphragm
A dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; the primary muscle of respiration
14Pectoral muscles
Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor; muscles on the anterior chest wall involved in moving the shoulder and arm
15Aorta
The largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body
16Superior vena cava
A large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart
17Inferior vena cava
A large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart
18Pulmonary artery
The artery carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
19Heart
A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body; located in the thoracic cavity slightly left of center
20Where is the apex of the normal heart located?
In the fifth left intercostal space, three and a half inches from the mid-line
21Lungs
Paired respiratory organs occupying most of the thoracic cavity, responsible for gas exchange
22Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura (the membranes surrounding the lungs), causing chest pain that worsens with breathing
23Flail chest
A serious chest injury where a segment of the rib cage breaks under extreme stress and becomes detached, impairing breathing
24Atelectasis
A condition where a portion of the lung collapses from being airless, often due to a blocked bronchus
25Pneumothorax
A condition where air or gas builds up in the pleural space, potentially collapsing the lung
26Tension pneumothorax
A life-threatening condition where air trapped in the pleural space causes a drop in blood pressure by interrupting blood flow
27Myocardial infarction
A heart attack; occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, causing tissue damage
28Common symptoms of a heart attack
Chest pain (pressure or crushing sensation), sweating, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and irregular heartbeat
29Abdomen
The body region between the thorax and pelvis, containing digestive organs, kidneys, and other structures
30What organs are in the abdomen?
Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and adrenal glands