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Medical Anatomy: Head, Neck & Spine

100 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Skull, brain coverings, cervical spine and structures of the head and neck.

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Question

How many bones are in the human head?

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1How many bones are in the human head?
22 bones
2Typical weight range of the human head
Between 2.3 and 5 kilograms (5.1 and 11.0 lb), with over 98% of humans fitting into this range
3What supports the human head?
The neck, specifically the seven cervical vertebrae
4Skull
The bony structure that encloses and protects the brain
5The face
The anterior part of the head containing the eyes, nose, mouth, and cheeks
6What arteries provide blood supply to the head?
The internal and external carotid arteries, plus the vertebral arteries
7What does the external carotid artery supply?
The area outside of the skull
8What does the internal carotid artery supply?
The area inside of the skull
9How do the vertebral arteries reach the head?
They travel up through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae
10How many pairs of cranial nerves provide nervous control to the head?
Twelve pairs of cranial nerves
11Facial nerve
The seventh cranial nerve that provides innervation to the muscles of the face, allowing actions like smiling or grimacing
12Trigeminal nerve
The fifth cranial nerve that provides sensation to the face through its branches
13What provides sensation to other portions of the head besides the face?
The cervical nerves
14Three branches of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve
15What sensory organs are contained in the head?
Two eyes, two ears, a nose, and tongue inside the mouth
16Function of the head's sensory organs and brain together
They function as a processing center for the body by relaying sensory information to the brain, allowing faster information processing through this central nerve cluster
17Role of the skull structurally
It protects the brain and supports the facial region
18What functions do the jaw and oral cavity enable?
Chewing (mastication), speech articulation, and the initial stages of digestion
19Facial recognition
The brain's predisposition to recognize subtle differences in anthropomorphic facial features; humans easily differentiate between faces
20Headhunting
The practice of taking and preserving a person's head after killing the person; practiced across the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania for millennia
21Average head circumference in adult males
Approximately 57 centimeters (57.2 cm in British study)
22Average head circumference in adult females
Approximately 55 centimeters (55.2 cm in British study)
23Macrocephaly
Abnormally large head size; for adults, greater than 58 cm in men or 57 cm in women; can indicate increased cancer risk in those with Cowden syndrome genetic mutation
24Cranium
The part of the skull that encloses the brain, formed by several bones fused together
25Major bones of the skull
Frontal bone, parietal bones (2), temporal bones (2), occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone
26Frontal bone
The bone forming the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets
27Parietal bones
Two bones forming the sides and roof of the cranium
28Temporal bones
Two bones on the sides of the skull that house the structures of the ear
29Occipital bone
The bone forming the back and base of the skull, containing the foramen magnum through which the spinal cord passes
30Sphenoid bone
A complex butterfly-shaped bone forming part of the base of the skull and sides of the skull