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Hinduism Basics

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The core beliefs and concepts of Hinduism.

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Hinduism

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  1. 1Hinduism
    An umbrella term for a range of Indian religious and spiritual traditions unified by adherence to dharma and the Vedas
  2. 2Dharma in Hinduism
    A cosmic order maintained by followers through rituals and righteous living
  3. 3Hindu
    It is an exonym (a name given by outsiders)
  4. 4Sanātana Dharma
    A 19th century term meaning 'eternal dharma', used to describe Hinduism
  5. 5Vaidika Dharma
    Literally 'Vedic dharma', a historical endonym for Hinduism
  6. 6Two main categories of Hindu texts
    Śruti (heard) and Smṛti (remembered)
  7. 7Name the major Hindu scriptures
    The Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Mahabharata (including Bhagavad Gita), Ramayana, and Agamas
  8. 8Karma
    Action, intent and consequences in Hindu philosophy
  9. 9Saṃsāra
    The cycle of death and rebirth
  10. 10Four Puruṣārthas
    Dharma (ethics/duties), artha (prosperity/work), kama (desires/passions), and moksha (liberation)
  11. 11Moksha
    Liberation or emancipation from passions and ultimately from saṃsāra
  12. 12Bhakti
    Devotion, a Hindu religious practice
  13. 13Puja
    Worship in Hinduism
  14. 14Yajna
    Sacrificial rites in Hindu practice
  15. 15Dhyana
    Meditation in Hinduism
  16. 16Four major Hindu denominations
    Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, and Smartism
  17. 17Six Āstika schools of Hindu philosophy
    Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mīmāṃsā, and Vedanta
  18. 18Āstika schools
    They recognize the authority of the Vedas
  19. 19Trimurti
    The three principal deities: Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), and Shiva (destroyer)
  20. 20Brahma
    The creator god in the Trimurti
  21. 21Vishnu
    The preserver god in the Trimurti
  22. 22Shiva
    The destroyer god in the Trimurti
  23. 23Tridevi
    The three principal goddesses: Lakshmi, Parvati, and Saraswati
  24. 24Lakshmi
    Goddess of wealth and prosperity, consort of Vishnu
  25. 25Parvati
    Goddess and consort of Shiva
  26. 26Saraswati
    Goddess of knowledge, music, and arts, consort of Brahma
  27. 27Krishna
    An avatar of Vishnu and central deity in Vaishnavism
  28. 28Rama
    An avatar of Vishnu and hero of the Ramayana
  29. 29Ganesha
    The elephant-headed god, remover of obstacles and lord of beginnings
  30. 30Hanuman
    The monkey deity, devoted follower of Rama

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