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Famous Philosophers

79 cards · 🇺🇸 English

The philosophers behind the ideas.

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Socrates

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  1. 1Socrates
    An Athenian philosopher (469-399 BCE) who developed the Socratic method and emphasized virtue
  2. 2How did Socrates die?
    He was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock after being convicted of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens
  3. 3Socrates' famous saying about knowledge
    I know that I know nothing
  4. 4Plato
    A Greek philosopher (428-347 BCE), student of Socrates, founder of the Academy
  5. 5Plato's most famous dialogue
    The Republic, exploring justice and the ideal state
  6. 6Aristotle
    A Greek philosopher (384-322 BCE), student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great
  7. 7What did Aristotle found?
    The Lyceum school in Athens
  8. 8Aristotle's contribution to logic
    He developed formal logic and the syllogism
  9. 9Confucius
    A Chinese philosopher (551-479 BCE) who emphasized moral virtue and proper social conduct
  10. 10Confucius' most famous saying
    Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself (Golden Rule)
  11. 11Laozi and when did he supposedly live
    A legendary Chinese philosopher (6th-5th century BCE) traditionally credited as the founder of Taoism
  12. 12Siddhartha Gautama (c. 480-400 BCE), founder of Buddhism
    Buddha and when did he live
  13. 13Epicurus
    A Greek philosopher (341-270 BCE) who founded Epicureanism, teaching that pleasure is the highest good
  14. 14Zeno of Citium
    A Greek philosopher (333-263 BCE) who founded Stoicism
  15. 15Epictetus and what was his background
    A Stoic philosopher (55-135 CE) who was born a slave and later gained freedom
  16. 16Marcus Aurelius
    A Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher (121-180 CE) who wrote Meditations
  17. 17Augustine of Hippo
    A Christian philosopher (354-430 CE) who wrote Confessions and The City of God
  18. 18Thomas Aquinas
    A medieval philosopher and theologian (1225-1274) who synthesized Aristotle with Christian theology
  19. 19Thomas Aquinas' most famous work
    Summa Theologica
  20. 20René Descartes
    A French philosopher (1596-1650), father of modern philosophy
  21. 21Descartes' profession besides philosophy
    He was also a mathematician and scientist
  22. 22Baruch Spinoza
    A Dutch rationalist philosopher (1632-1677) who developed a pantheistic monism
  23. 23What happened to Spinoza regarding his religious community?
    He was excommunicated from the Jewish community for his controversial views
  24. 24John Locke
    A British empiricist philosopher (1632-1704) influential in political philosophy and epistemology
  25. 25Locke's influence on politics
    He influenced the American Declaration of Independence and Enlightenment thinking about natural rights
  26. 26Gottfried Leibniz
    A German rationalist philosopher (1646-1716) who co-invented calculus with Newton
  27. 27David Hume
    A Scottish empiricist philosopher (1711-1776) known for skepticism
  28. 28Hume's famous problem
    The problem of induction: how can we justify inferring general principles from specific observations?
  29. 29Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    A French philosopher (1712-1778) influential in political philosophy and education
  30. 30Rousseau's famous opening line
    Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains (from The Social Contract)

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