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Common Diseases: Infectious, Autoimmune & Neuropsychiatric

118 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Infections, autoimmune disorders, and neurological & psychiatric conditions.

medicinediseasesinfectious-diseaseautoimmuneneurology

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Infectious disease

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  1. 1Infectious disease
    A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) that can be transmitted from person to person or through vectors
  2. 2Main types of pathogens
    Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, prions, and multicellular parasites
  3. 3Autoimmune disorder
    A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy tissues
  4. 4What causes autoimmune disorders?
    The exact cause is unknown, but involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that lead to immune system dysfunction
  5. 5Influenza (flu)
    A contagious viral respiratory infection causing fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue
  6. 6Common cold
    A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, usually mild and self-limiting, caused by various viruses (rhinoviruses most common)
  7. 7HIV/AIDS
    HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system; AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the advanced stage where the immune system is severely damaged
  8. 8Tuberculosis (TB)
    A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs, spread through airborne droplets
  9. 9Malaria
    A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, causing fever, chills, and flu-like illness
  10. 10Leading infectious disease causes of death worldwide
    Lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria
  11. 11Pneumonia
    An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid, caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
  12. 12Sepsis
    A life-threatening condition caused by the body's extreme response to infection, leading to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, and organ failure
  13. 13Rheumatoid arthritis
    An autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation of joints, leading to pain, swelling, and eventual joint damage
  14. 14Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
    A chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs including skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and heart
  15. 15Type 1 diabetes mellitus
    An autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas
  16. 16Crohn's disease
    An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causing chronic inflammation of the GI tract, thought to involve autoimmune mechanisms
  17. 17Ulcerative colitis
    An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causing chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum, with autoimmune components
  18. 18COVID-19
    An infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, causing respiratory symptoms and potentially severe complications
  19. 19Chickenpox
    A highly contagious viral infection caused by varicella-zoster virus, causing an itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters
  20. 20Shingles (herpes zoster)
    A painful rash caused by reactivation of dormant varicella-zoster virus (which causes chickenpox) in nerve cells
  21. 21Measles
    A highly contagious viral infection causing fever, cough, runny nose, and characteristic red rash, preventable by vaccination
  22. 22Mumps
    A viral infection causing swelling of salivary glands, fever, and headache, preventable by vaccination
  23. 23Rubella (German measles)
    A viral infection causing mild rash and fever, particularly dangerous if contracted during pregnancy
  24. 24Whooping cough (pertussis)
    A highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection causing severe coughing spells, preventable by vaccination
  25. 25Tetanus
    A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani producing toxins that cause painful muscle contractions, preventable by vaccination
  26. 26Diphtheria
    A serious bacterial infection affecting the throat and nose, forming a thick coating that can block airways, preventable by vaccination
  27. 27Polio (poliomyelitis)
    A viral infection that can cause paralysis, preventable by vaccination and nearly eradicated worldwide
  28. 28Hepatitis A
    A viral liver infection spread through contaminated food or water, preventable by vaccination
  29. 29Hepatitis B
    A viral liver infection spread through blood and body fluids, can become chronic, preventable by vaccination
  30. 30Hepatitis C
    A viral liver infection spread primarily through blood contact, often becoming chronic; no vaccine available but treatable

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