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African Kingdoms & Colonization

80 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Pre-colonial African kingdoms, the transatlantic slave trade, colonization and independence movements.

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When did archaic humans emerge out of Africa?

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  1. 1When did archaic humans emerge out of Africa?
    Between 0.5 and 1.8 million years ago
  2. 2When did modern humans (Homo sapiens) emerge in East Africa?
    Around 300,000–250,000 years ago
  3. 3When did written history arise in Ancient Egypt?
    In the 4th millennium BC
  4. 4What was the Bantu expansion?
    A major migration between around 3000 BCE and 500 CE from north-western Central Africa across much of Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa
  5. 5Which ancient African kingdoms existed in North Africa?
    Ancient Egypt, Kush, Carthage, Numidia, Makuria, the Fatimids, Almoravids, Almohads, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Marinids, Zianids and Hafsids
  6. 6Name major West African empires from history
    Wagadu (Ghana Empire), Mali, Songhai, Jolof, Ife, Oyo, Benin, Asante, Sokoto Caliphate, and Wassoulou
  7. 7Which kingdoms existed in East Africa historically?
    Dʿmt, Aksum, Ethiopian Empire, Sultanate of Ifat, Adal Sultanate, Ajuran Sultanate, Kilwa Sultanate, Buganda, and Kingdom of Rwanda
  8. 8Name some Central African historical kingdoms
    Kanem-Bornu, Kingdom of Kongo, Kingdom of Loango, Ndongo, Luba Empire, Kingdom of Lunda, and Kuba Kingdom
  9. 9Which kingdoms existed in Southern Africa?
    Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Mutapa, Rozvi, Maravi, Lozi Empire, and the Zulu Kingdom
  10. 10When did Islam begin spreading into Africa?
    From the 7th century CE, spreading west amid the Arab conquest of North Africa
  11. 11When did the 'Scramble for Africa' occur?
    From 1870 to 1914, driven by the Second Industrial Revolution
  12. 12What was decided at the 1884 Berlin Conference?
    European powers partitioned Africa, with European imperial control increasing from one-tenth to over nine-tenths of the continent
  13. 13When was the 'Year of Africa'?
    1960, when many African countries gained independence during decolonisation
  14. 14When was the Organisation of African Unity established?
    In 1963 (predecessor to the African Union)
  15. 15When did Upper Egypt unify with Lower Egypt?
    Around 3100 BCE, under the 1st dynasty
  16. 16When was the Old Kingdom of Egypt formed?
    In 2686 BCE, during the 3rd dynasty
  17. 17What was the Kingdom of Kerma?
    An ancient Nubian kingdom that emerged as the dominant force in Nubia, controlling territory as large as Egypt between the 1st and 4th cataracts of the Nile
  18. 18When was the Middle Kingdom of Egypt established?
    Around 2055 BCE, when the 11th dynasty based in Thebes conquered rivals
  19. 19Who were the Hyksos?
    A militaristic people from Palestine who invaded and conquered Lower Egypt around 1700 BCE during the Middle Kingdom's fracture
  20. 20When was the New Kingdom of Egypt established?
    In 1550 BCE, when the 18th dynasty expelled the Hyksos
  21. 21When did the New Kingdom of Egypt collapse?
    In 1069 BCE, due to internal struggles, drought, famine, and invasions by Sea Peoples
  22. 22When did the Kingdom of Kush conquer Egypt?
    In 754 BCE, forming the Kushite Empire that ruled for a century
  23. 23When were the Kushites driven out of Egypt?
    In 663 BCE, by the Assyrians
  24. 24When did the Achaemenid Empire conquer Egypt?
    In 525 BCE
  25. 25When did Alexander the Great conquer Egypt?
    In 332 BCE, marking the beginning of Hellenistic rule
  26. 26Which dynasty did Alexander install in Egypt?
    The Macedonian Ptolemaic dynasty
  27. 27When did Rome conquer Ptolemaic Egypt?
    In 30 BCE, following a Roman civil war
  28. 28When did the Kingdom of Kush disintegrate?
    Around the 5th century CE, amid invasions by Aksum and the Noba, splitting into Makuria, Alodia, and Nobatia
  29. 29What was the Land of Punt?
    A kingdom in the Horn of Africa (possibly modern-day Somaliland or elsewhere) that was a close trading partner of Ancient Egypt in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE
  30. 30When did the kingdom of Dʿmt rise in the Ethiopian-Eritrean Highlands?
    Around 980 BCE

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