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Prüfung: Vertragsrecht und unerlaubte Handlung

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Wichtige Begriffe und Konzepte aus Vertragsrecht und unerlaubter Handlung für die Prüfung

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Was ist required for valid offer in contract law?

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  1. 1Was ist required for valid offer in contract law?
    Definite and certain terms communicated to offeree, manifesting present contractual intent
  2. 2Was ist mailbox rule?
    Acceptance is effective when dispatched, not when received, unless offer specifies otherwise
  3. 3Was ist consideration?
    A bargained-for exchange legal value; something value given in exchange for promise
  4. 4Was ist promissory estoppel?
    Enforces promise without consideration if: (1) promise, (2) foreseeable reliance, (3) actual reliance, (4) injustice avoided only by enforcement
  5. 5Was ist Statute Frauds?
    Certain contracts must be in writing to be enforceable: marriage, suretyship, land, year+, goods $500+
  6. 6Was ist parol evidence rule?
    A fully integrated written agreement cannot be contradicted or supplemented by prior or contemporaneous oral or written agreements
  7. 7Was ist substantial performance?
    Performance that, despite minor deviations, achieves essential purpose contract
  8. 8Was ist anticipatory repudiation?
    An unequivocal statement or action by party indicating they will not perform their contractual obligations before performance is due
  9. 9Was ist difference between condition precedent and condition subsequent?
    Precedent must occur before performance is due; subsequent excuses performance after it arises
  10. 10Was ist perfect tender rule in UCC?
    Seller must deliver goods that conform exactly to contract; buyer may reject any non-conforming goods
  11. 11Was ist unilateral contract?
    A contract where one party makes promise in exchange for other party's performance (not promise)
  12. 12Was ist bilateral contract?
    A contract where both parties exchange mutual promises
  13. 13Was ist mirror image rule?
    Acceptance must match offer exactly; any variation is rejection and counteroffer (common law)
  14. 14Was ist UCC's battle forms rule?
    UCC 2-207: acceptance with additional terms forms contract; additional terms become proposals (between merchants, may become part contract unless material)
  15. 15Was ist novation?
    Agreement among all parties to substitute new party for original party to contract, releasing original party
  16. 16Was ist accord and satisfaction?
    Accord: new agreement to accept different performance; Satisfaction: actual performance accord, discharging original duty
  17. 17Was ist impossibility performance?
    Objective impossibility (performance cannot be done by anyone) excuses performance; subjective impossibility does not
  18. 18Was ist commercial impracticability?
    Performance remains possible but would be extremely burdensome due to unforeseen circumstances, excusing performance under UCC
  19. 19Was ist frustration purpose?
    Supervening event destroys purpose contract, excusing performance when both parties knew purpose
  20. 20Was sind liquidated damages?
    Damages agreed upon in advance that are reasonable and proportionate to anticipated harm; enforceable if actual damages are difficult to ascertain
  21. 21Was ist difference between compensatory and consequential damages?
    Compensatory: direct losses from breach; Consequential: indirect losses (lost profits) if foreseeable at contract formation
  22. 22Was ist expectation measure damages?
    Puts non-breaching party in position they would have been in had contract been performed
  23. 23Was ist reliance damages?
    Compensates for expenses incurred in reasonable reliance on contract
  24. 24Was ist restitution in contracts?
    Prevents unjust enrichment by restoring value conferred on breaching party
  25. 25Was ist specific performance?
    Equitable remedy requiring actual performance contract obligations; available when legal damages are inadequate (e.g., unique goods, land)
  26. 26When is minor's contract voidable?
    Contracts by minors are generally voidable at minor's option, except for necessaries (food, clothing, shelter)
  27. 27Was ist doctrine unconscionability?
    A contract so unfair and one-sided that it shocks conscience; requires procedural (unfair bargaining) and substantive (unfair terms) unconscionability
  28. 28Was ist requirements contract?
    Buyer agrees to purchase all requirements particular good from seller; must be in good faith and reasonable
  29. 29Was ist output contract?
    Seller agrees to sell all output particular goods to buyer; must be in good faith and reasonable
  30. 30Was ist duty to mitigate damages?
    Non-breaching party must take reasonable steps to minimize losses; cannot recover for avoidable damages

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