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Prüfung: Verfassungs- und Strafrecht

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Wesentliche Konzepte der Verfassungs- und Strafrecht für die Prüfung

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Was ist bar examination?

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  1. 1Was ist bar examination?
    An examination administered by bar association that lawyer must pass in order to be admitted to bar that jurisdiction
  2. 2How long is typical US bar exam?
    Two days, consisting multiple-choice questions, essay questions, and performance tests
  3. 3Was ist National Conference Bar Examiners (NCBE)?
    An organization that creates component examinations used in varying combinations by all but two US jurisdictions
  4. 4Was ist bar review?
    A regimen intensive study that most law school graduates engage in between graduation and sitting for bar exam
  5. 5Was ist US Verfassung?
    The supreme law United States, establishing framework federal government and fundamental rights
  6. 6Was sind three branches US federal government?
    Legislative (Kongress), Executive (Präsident), and Judicial (Oberster Gerichtshof and federal courts)
  7. 7Was ist separation powers?
    The constitutional principle dividing governmental powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent concentration power
  8. 8Was ist checks and balances?
    The system that allows each branch government to limit powers other branches
  9. 9Was ist Supremacy Clause?
    Article VI provision making federal law supreme over conflicting state law
  10. 10Was ist federalism?
    The division power between federal government and state governments
  11. 11Was ist Commerce Clause?
    Article I, Section 8 provision giving Kongress power to regulate interstate commerce
  12. 12Was ist Necessary and Proper Clause?
    Article I, Section 8 provision allowing Kongress to make laws necessary and proper for executing its enumerated powers
  13. 13Was ist Tenth Zusatzartikel?
    Zusatzartikel reserving powers not delegated to federal government to states or people
  14. 14Was ist judicial review?
    The power courts to review and invalidate laws or government actions that violate Verfassung (established in Marbury v. Madison)
  15. 15Was ist Bill Rights?
    The first ten amendments to Verfassung, ratified in 1791, protecting individual liberties
  16. 16What does First Zusatzartikel protect?
    Freedom religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
  17. 17What does Second Zusatzartikel protect?
    The right to keep and bear arms
  18. 18What does Fourth Zusatzartikel protect?
    Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; requires warrants based on probable cause
  19. 19What does Fifth Zusatzartikel guarantee?
    Grand jury indictment for capital crimes, protection against double jeopardy and self-incrimination, due process, and just compensation for takings
  20. 20What does Sixth Zusatzartikel guarantee?
    Right to speedy and public trial, impartial jury, to be informed charges, to confront witnesses, and to have assistance counsel in criminal prosecutions
  21. 21What does Eighth Zusatzartikel prohibit?
    Excessive bail and fines, and cruel and unusual punishment
  22. 22Was ist Fourteenth Zusatzartikel?
    Post-Bürgerkrieg amendment guaranteeing due process and equal protection, and incorporating most Bill Rights protections against states
  23. 23Was ist Due Process Clause?
    Fifth and Fourteenth Zusatzartikel provisions prohibiting government from depriving persons life, liberty, or property without due process law
  24. 24Was ist substantive due process?
    Verfassungal protection fundamental rights from government interference, regardless procedural fairness
  25. 25Was ist procedural due process?
    Verfassungal requirement that government provide fair procedures (notice and hearing) before depriving someone life, liberty, or property
  26. 26Was ist Equal Protection Clause?
    Fourteenth Zusatzartikel provision requiring states to treat similarly situated people equally
  27. 27Was ist strict scrutiny?
    The highest level judicial review, applied to laws affecting fundamental rights or suspect classifications; requires compelling government interest and narrow tailoring
  28. 28Was ist rational basis review?
    The lowest level judicial review, requiring only that law be rationally related to legitimate government interest
  29. 29Was ist intermediate scrutiny?
    Middle-tier judicial review applied to gender classifications; requires substantially related to important government interest
  30. 30Was ist freedom speech?
    First Zusatzartikel right to express ideas and opinions without government censorship or punishment

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