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Photography: Settings & Composition

60 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Camera settings, exposure and composition fundamentals.

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Photography

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1Photography
The art, application, and practice of creating images by recording light, either electronically or chemically
2The word 'photography'
Drawing with light - from Greek phōtós (light) and graphé (drawing)
3Exposure in photography
A timed period during which light is focused onto the light-sensitive surface inside a camera
4Latent image
An invisible image produced by photographic emulsion that is later chemically developed into a visible image
5Negative in photography
An inverted image where light areas appear dark and vice versa, traditionally used to create positive prints
6Positive in photography
A normal-appearing image where tones match the original scene
7Camera obscura
A dark chamber or box with a small hole that projects an inverted image of the outside scene onto a surface
8Who invented the camera obscura concept?
Described independently by Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE
9Who invented the first true pinhole camera?
Arab physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965-1040)
10first permanent photograph from nature
Nicéphore Niépce with View from the Window at Le Gras in 1826
11Daguerreotype process
Early photographic process using a silver-plated surface sensitized by iodine vapor, developed by mercury vapor, and fixed with salt water
12Who invented the daguerreotype?
Louis Daguerre, publicly announced in 1839
13When was the daguerreotype process publicly unveiled?
19 August 1839, when France presented it as a gift to the world
14Calotype process
Photographic process invented by William Fox Talbot in 1840 that created a translucent negative for printing multiple positive copies
15credited with taking the earliest surviving photographic self-portrait
American photographer Robert Cornelius in 1839
16Collodion process
Wet plate photographic process published by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851, most widely used until the 1870s
17Three subsets of the collodion process
Ambrotype (positive on glass), Ferrotype/Tintype (positive on metal), and glass negative
18Who introduced a process for making natural-color photographs in 1891?
Gabriel Lippmann, based on the interference of light waves, earning him the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physics
19Who marketed the first flexible photographic roll film?
George Eastman, founder of Kodak, in 1885
20First transparent plastic roll film made of
Highly flammable nitrocellulose, known as nitrate film, introduced in 1889
21Monochrome photography
Photography in black-and-white or shades of a single color
22Three-color-separation principle
Taking three separate black-and-white photographs through red, green and blue filters to recreate a color image
23Who first published the three-color-separation principle?
Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1855
24When was the first permanent color photograph taken?
1861 using Maxwell's three-color-separation principle
25Additive method of color reproduction
Projecting transparent prints through color filters and superimposing them on a screen
26Subtractive method of color reproduction
Superimposing carbon prints made in complementary colors, pioneered by Louis Ducos du Hauron in the late 1860s
27Autochrome
The first commercially successful color process, introduced by the Lumière brothers in 1907
28Kodachrome
The first modern 'integral tripack' color film, introduced by Kodak in 1935
29When was instant color film introduced and by whom?
Introduced by Polaroid in 1963
30Sony Mavica
The first consumer camera to use a charge-coupled device for imaging, unveiled by Sony in 1981