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Art Techniques & Media

50 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Painting and other artistic techniques and media.

visual-arttechniques

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Oil painting

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  1. 1Oil painting
    Painting with pigments suspended in oil (usually linseed); slow drying allows blending and layering; dominant since Renaissance
  2. 2Watercolor painting
    Water-soluble pigments on paper; transparent layers, luminous quality; requires planning as hard to correct
  3. 3Acrylic painting
    Fast-drying synthetic polymer paint; versatile, can mimic oil or watercolor; popular since 1950s
  4. 4Fresco painting
    Painting on wet plaster walls; pigments bond with plaster as it dries; Sistine Chapel, ancient Roman walls
  5. 5Tempera painting
    Pigments mixed with egg yolk binder; fast-drying, matte finish; common before oil painting
  6. 6Gouache
    Opaque watercolor with added white pigment; matte, velvety finish; used in illustration and design
  7. 7Encaustic painting
    Pigments mixed with hot wax; ancient technique, durable, luminous; Fayum mummy portraits
  8. 8Drawing
    Marks on surface using dry or wet media; includes pencil, charcoal, ink, pastel; often preparatory but also finished works
  9. 9Charcoal drawing
    Compressed charcoal sticks on paper; rich blacks, easily smudged and blended; used for life drawing and studies
  10. 10Pastel
    Powdered pigment sticks; soft, vivid colors, velvety texture; Degas used extensively; requires fixative
  11. 11Pen and ink
    Liquid ink applied with pen or brush; permanent, precise lines; hatching and cross-hatching for shading
  12. 12Printmaking
    Creating multiple impressions from a matrix; includes relief, intaglio, planographic, stencil processes
  13. 13Woodcut printing
    Relief printing: carving image into wood block, inking raised surface; oldest printmaking technique; Dürer masterpieces
  14. 14Engraving
    Intaglio: incising lines into metal plate with burin; precise, fine detail; ink fills grooves
  15. 15Etching
    Intaglio: acid bites lines into metal plate through wax ground; Rembrandt mastered technique; more fluid than engraving
  16. 16Lithography
    Planographic printing: drawing on limestone or metal with greasy medium; water/oil repulsion; used in posters, Toulouse-Lautrec
  17. 17Screen printing (serigraphy)
    Stencil process: ink pushed through mesh screen; flat colors, graphic; Warhol's soup cans and portraits
  18. 18Monotype
    Painterly print: painting on smooth surface, transferring to paper; unique impression; combines painting and printmaking
  19. 19Collage
    Pasting materials (paper, fabric, photos) onto surface; Picasso and Braque pioneered; assemblage in 3D
  20. 20Sculpture
    Three-dimensional art in various materials; methods include carving, modeling, casting, construction
  21. 21Carving (sculpture)
    Subtractive process: removing material from block (stone, wood); Michelangelo's David carved from marble
  22. 22Modeling (sculpture)
    Additive process: building up with pliable material (clay, wax); allows adjustments before casting or firing
  23. 23Casting (sculpture)
    Pouring liquid material (bronze, plaster) into mold; lost-wax (cire perdue) for bronze; allows multiples
  24. 24Assemblage
    Sculpture from found objects; three-dimensional collage; Duchamp's readymades, Nevelson's wooden constructions
  25. 25Installation art
    Large-scale works transforming space; immersive, site-specific, often temporary; viewer becomes participant
  26. 26Photography
    Capturing images with light-sensitive materials or sensors; from daguerreotypes to digital; art medium since 19th century
  27. 27Photomontage
    Combining multiple photos into composite image; used by Dadaists (Höch, Heartfield) for political commentary
  28. 28Video art
    Moving images as art medium; Nam June Paik pioneer; explores time, perception, often multi-screen installations
  29. 29Digital art
    Art created with digital technology; includes computer-generated imagery, digital painting, 3D modeling, generative art
  30. 30Mixed media
    Combining different materials and techniques in one work; Rauschenberg's combines; breaks traditional boundaries

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