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First Aid Essentials

83 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Core first aid principles, priorities and basic techniques.

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First aid

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  1. 1First aid
    The first and immediate assistance given to any person with a medical emergency, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive
  2. 2Three Ps of first aid
    Preserve life, Prevent further harm, and Promote recovery
  3. 3Five general steps associated with first aid
    1) Assess the surroundings, 2) Move to a safe surrounding, 3) Call for help, 4) Perform suitable first aid, 5) Evaluate the casualty for any fatal signs or possibility of repeating first aid
  4. 4Esmarch bandage
    A bandage designed by Friedrich von Esmarch, issued as standard to Prussian combatants, with aide-memoire pictures showing common uses
  5. 5Bleeding or hemorrhage
    The escape of blood from veins or arteries
  6. 6Cardiac arrest
    The complete stop of heart function
  7. 7Choking
    The obstruction of breathing caused by a blockage in the respiratory tract
  8. 8Hyperglycemia
    A condition in which an excessive level of glucose is present in the blood
  9. 9Hypoglycemia
    A condition in which an excessively low level of glucose is present in the blood, typically due to complications with medication in diabetic patients
  10. 10Myocardial infarction
    Commonly known as a heart attack - the sudden reduction in or lack of blood flow in one of the coronary arteries in the heart, causing tissue death due to inadequate blood supply
  11. 11Risk factors for myocardial infarction
    Sedentary lifestyle, age (over 45 for men and 55 for women), tobacco and alcohol use, stress, obesity, high cholesterol, family history, and diabetes
  12. 12Stroke
    A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain caused by a burst or blocked artery
  13. 13What does ABCDE stand for in the general first aid protocol?
    Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure (or Evaluate)
  14. 14What does 'cs' or 'x' stand for in csABCDE protocol?
    Catastrophic bleeding (stopping massive external bleedings) and spine protection (careful treatment for spinal damages)
  15. 15What does CABD stand for in cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
    Circulation (or Chest Compressions), Airway, Breathing (or Rescue Breaths), and Defibrillation
  16. 16Why was the ABC protocol changed to CABD?
    It represents an improvement in the sequence for most cases, prioritizing chest compressions first
  17. 17What organizations teach the CABD protocol as a reference?
    The American Heart Association and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
  18. 18Steps of the European first aid protocol
    1) Protection for patients and rescuers, 2) Evaluation of the patient, 3) Alerting medical services and bystanders, 4) Performing first aid practices
  19. 19AMEGA protocol
    Assess the situation, Make safe, Emergency aid, Get help, and Aftermath
  20. 20ATLS
    Advanced Trauma Life Support - a version of ABCDE developed by the American College of Surgeons focusing on trauma and spinal injuries
  21. 21BATLS
    Battlefield Advanced Trauma Life Support - a British Army version that added the concept of 'catastrophic bleeding' to ATLS
  22. 22Steps of the Check, Call and Care protocol
    Check the scene for safety and patient's condition, Call emergency medical services, and Care for the patient
  23. 23What organization developed the Check, Call and Care protocol?
    Red Cross
  24. 24Steps of the SAFE-POINT protocol
    Safety of rescuers, Calling emergency number, Bleeding treatment, Freeing airways, Resuscitation (CPR), and Keeping patient warm
  25. 25Where did the SAFE-POINT protocol originate?
    In the construction field of Czech Republic
  26. 26How should a patient with a possible severe spinal injury be moved?
    Only when necessary, as little as possible, and very carefully to avoid further damage to mobility - head and back must be held in the same position
  27. 27What position should patients typically end up in for first aid?
    Lying down face-up on a sufficiently firm surface (e.g., the floor) to allow for chest compressions if needed
  28. 28Rautek maneuver
    A method for a single rescuer without instruments to carefully carry a victim with suspected spinal injury, trying to keep the head and back in the same position
  29. 29Preferred initial way of checking a victim's condition
    By touching the patient on one shoulder and shouting something like 'Can you hear me?'
  30. 30Where can heartbeats be checked on a victim?
    In the carotid pulse (placing two fingers on either side of the neck) or the radial pulse (two fingers on a wrist under the thumb, applying moderate pressure)

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