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Cardiovascular Physiology

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How the heart and circulatory system function.

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What three main components make up the circulatory system?

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  1. 1What three main components make up the circulatory system?
    The heart, blood vessels, and blood
  2. 2Two major circuits of the circulatory system
    Pulmonary circulation (to/from lungs) and systemic circulation (to/from body)
  3. 3What type of circulatory system do vertebrates have?
    A closed circulatory system (blood never leaves the network of blood vessels)
  4. 4How many chambers does the human heart have?
    Four chambers: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle
  5. 5Average blood volume in an adult human
    5 to 6 quarts (approximately 4.7 to 5.7 liters), accounting for about 7% of total body weight
  6. 6Four components of blood
    Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
  7. 7Primary function of the pulmonary circulation
    To carry deoxygenated blood from the right heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then return oxygenated blood to the left heart
  8. 8Primary function of the systemic circulation
    To deliver oxygenated blood from the left heart to the rest of the body and return deoxygenated blood to the right heart
  9. 9Name of the large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle
    The aorta
  10. 10Two large veins that return blood to the right atrium
    The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
  11. 11Primary oxygen transporter molecule in blood
    Hemoglobin
  12. 12What percentage of oxygen in arterial blood is chemically combined with hemoglobin?
    About 98.5% (with about 1.5% physically dissolved in blood plasma)
  13. 13What valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
    The tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
  14. 14What valve does blood pass through when leaving the right ventricle to the lungs?
    The pulmonary semilunar valve
  15. 15What valve does blood pass through when leaving the left ventricle to the aorta?
    The aortic semilunar valve
  16. 16Lymphatic system's relationship to the circulatory system
    It is complementary to the circulatory system, carrying excess interstitial fluid back to blood circulation as lymph
  17. 17Is the lymphatic system open or closed?
    Open system (unlike the closed blood circulatory system)
  18. 18Three types of blood vessels
    Arteries, veins, and capillaries
  19. 19Arterioles
    Small arteries that branch from larger arteries and lead into capillaries
  20. 20Venules
    Small veins that receive blood from capillaries and merge into larger veins
  21. 21Estimated total length of muscle capillaries in a 70 kg human
    Between 9,000 and 19,000 km
  22. 22Great vessels of the heart
    The large elastic arteries and large veins that take blood to and from the heart
  23. 23Coronary circulation
    The blood supply to the heart muscle itself, originating from the coronary arteries
  24. 24Two main coronary arteries
    The right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
  25. 25Coronary sinus
    The vessel that receives blood from the coronary veins before it drains into the right atrium
  26. 26Cerebral circulation
    The blood supply to the brain and brainstem
  27. 27Circle of Willis
    The point where the anterior and posterior brain circulations join (anastomose)
  28. 28What percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?
    Around 20% of cardiac output
  29. 29Hepatic portal vein
    A vein that combines from capillaries around the gastrointestinal tract and branches into a second capillary system in the liver
  30. 30Why are the walls of the aorta elastic?
    This elasticity helps maintain blood pressure throughout the body and is responsible for pulsating blood pressure

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