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Arabic Alphabet & Letter Forms

28 cards · 🇸🇦 العربية → 🇺🇸 English

The 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, their sounds and shapes.

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  1. 1ا
    The first letter of the Arabic alphabet; represents the glottal stop /ʔ/ or long /aː/ sound
  2. 2ب
    The second letter representing /b/ sound; has one dot below the base letter shape
  3. 3ت
    Represents /t/ sound; has two dots above the same base shape as bāʾ
  4. 4ث
    Represents the /θ/ sound (as in 'think'); has three dots above the base shape
  5. 5ج
    Represents /d͡ʒ/ sound (as in 'judge'); written with one dot below in most styles
  6. 6ح
    Represents the voiceless pharyngeal fricative /ħ/; distinct curved shape with no dots
  7. 7خ
    Represents /x/ sound (as in 'Bach'); has one dot above the ḥāʾ shape
  8. 8د
    Represents /d/ sound; one of six letters that cannot connect to the following letter
  9. 9ذ
    Represents /ð/ sound (as in 'this'); has one dot above the dāl shape
  10. 10ر
    Represents the rolled /r/ sound; cannot connect to following letters
  11. 11ز
    Represents /z/ sound; has one dot above, otherwise same shape as rāʾ
  12. 12س
    Represents /s/ sound; has a distinctive shape with three teeth/peaks
  13. 13ش
    Represents /ʃ/ sound (as in 'ship'); same shape as sīn but with three dots above
  14. 14ص
    Represents emphatic/pharyngealized /sˤ/ sound; wider version of sīn shape
  15. 15ض
    Represents emphatic /dˤ/ sound; has one dot above the ṣād shape; unique to Arabic
  16. 16ط
    Represents emphatic/pharyngealized /tˤ/ sound; distinctive oval shape
  17. 17ظ
    Represents emphatic /ðˤ/ sound; has one dot above the ṭāʾ shape
  18. 18ع
    Represents the voiced pharyngeal fricative /ʕ/; has a distinctive circular shape with connecting strokes
  19. 19غ
    Represents /ɣ/ sound (voiced velar fricative); same shape as ʿayn but with one dot above
  20. 20ف
    Represents /f/ sound; has one dot above a circular head with descender
  21. 21ق
    Represents the uvular stop /q/ sound; has two dots above the circular shape
  22. 22ك
    Represents /k/ sound; distinctive shape with a small hamza-like mark in isolated/final forms
  23. 23ل
    Represents /l/ sound; must combine with alif to form the لا ligature (lām-alif)
  24. 24م
    Represents /m/ sound; has a distinctive circular/oval closed shape
  25. 25ن
    Represents /n/ sound; has one dot above; similar base shape to bāʾ/tāʾ/thāʾ
  26. 26ه
    Represents /h/ sound; has four very different forms depending on position (initial, medial, final, isolated)
  27. 27و
    Represents /w/ consonant or long /uː/ vowel; cannot connect to following letters
  28. 28ي
    Represents /j/ consonant (as in 'yes') or long /iː/ vowel; has two dots below in most positions

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