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Ancient Rome: Republic & Empire

96 cards · 🇺🇸 English

From the founding of Rome through the Republic to the height of the Empire.

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When was Rome traditionally said to be founded?

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  1. 1When was Rome traditionally said to be founded?
    753 BC
  2. 2Who were the legendary founders of Rome?
    Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by a she-wolf
  3. 3What three periods is Ancient Rome divided into?
    The Roman Kingdom (753-509 BC), Roman Republic (509-27 BC), and Roman Empire (27 BC-476 AD)
  4. 4When did the Roman Kingdom end?
    509 BC with the overthrow of Tarquin the Proud, the last king
  5. 5What government system replaced the monarchy?
    The Roman Republic, with elected magistrates and assemblies
  6. 6Who were the consuls?
    The two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, elected annually with executive authority
  7. 7What was the Roman Senate?
    An advisory council initially of patricians that grew in power and size during the Republic
  8. 8Who were the patricians?
    The aristocratic class of Rome
  9. 9Who were the plebeians?
    The common people of Rome
  10. 10What were tribunes?
    Magistrates elected to protect the rights of plebeians
  11. 11When did the Gauls sack Rome?
    390 BC, led by Brennus
  12. 12What were the Punic Wars?
    Three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 BC) for dominance of the western Mediterranean
  13. 13Who was Hannibal?
    Carthaginian general who invaded Italy during the Second Punic War, famously crossing the Alps with elephants
  14. 14When was the Second Punic War?
    218-201 BC
  15. 15What was the Battle of Zama?
    202 BC, decisive Roman victory over Hannibal that ended the Second Punic War
  16. 16When was Carthage completely destroyed?
    146 BC at the end of the Third Punic War
  17. 17Who were the Gracchi brothers?
    Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, tribunes who attempted land reform and were both killed
  18. 18Who was Gaius Marius?
    Roman general and politician who reformed the army and held seven consulships
  19. 19Who was Sulla?
    Roman general and dictator who marched on Rome and conducted proscriptions against his enemies
  20. 20What was the First Triumvirate?
    Informal political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
  21. 21Who was Julius Caesar?
    Roman general and statesman who conquered Gaul and became dictator before being assassinated in 44 BC
  22. 22What did 'crossing the Rubicon' mean?
    In 49 BC, Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his army, starting a civil war; the phrase means passing a point of no return
  23. 23When was Julius Caesar assassinated?
    March 15 (the Ides of March), 44 BC
  24. 24Who assassinated Julius Caesar?
    A group of senators including Brutus and Cassius, known as the Liberatores
  25. 25What was the Second Triumvirate?
    Political alliance between Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus formed in 43 BC
  26. 26What was the Battle of Actium?
    31 BC, naval battle where Octavian defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra
  27. 27Who was the first Roman Emperor?
    Augustus (Octavian), who became emperor in 27 BC
  28. 28What was the Pax Romana?
    A 200-year period of relative peace and stability throughout the Roman Empire
  29. 29What were the Julio-Claudian emperors?
    The first dynasty: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
  30. 30Who was Nero?
    Roman emperor (54-68 AD) blamed for the Great Fire of Rome and known for persecuting Christians

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