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American Civil War & Reconstruction

78 cards · 🇺🇸 English

The causes, course and aftermath of the Civil War, and Reconstruction.

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When did the American Civil War take place?

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  1. 1When did the American Civil War take place?
    April 12, 1861 to May 26, 1865 (4 years, 1 month and 2 weeks)
  2. 2Who fought in the American Civil War?
    The Union (the North) versus the Confederacy (the South), formed by states that seceded to preserve slavery
  3. 3What was the main cause of the Civil War?
    Slavery - Southern states seceded to preserve the institution of slavery, which they saw as threatened by Abraham Lincoln's election and the abolitionist movement
  4. 4When was Abraham Lincoln elected president?
    November 1860
  5. 5How many states initially seceded?
    Seven Southern slave states of the Deep South seceded before Lincoln's inauguration, with four more joining after the war began
  6. 6What started the Civil War?
    The Confederacy bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 12, 1861
  7. 7Who was Jefferson Davis?
    President of the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865
  8. 8Who was Robert E. Lee?
    Confederate general who commanded the Army of Northern Virginia and surrendered at Appomattox Court House
  9. 9Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
    Union general whose western successes led Lincoln to give him command of all Union armies in 1864
  10. 10What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
    Issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863, it declared all slaves in rebel states to be free, applying to more than 3.5 million enslaved people
  11. 11What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
    A major 1863 Union victory where Robert E. Lee's incursion north failed, considered a turning point of the war
  12. 12What was the Siege of Vicksburg?
    Successful 1863 Union siege that split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River
  13. 13What was the Union naval blockade?
    An ever-tightening blockade of Confederate ports that helped strangle the Southern economy
  14. 14What was Sherman's March to the Sea?
    General William Tecumseh Sherman's destructive march from Atlanta to Savannah in 1864, culminating in taking Savannah
  15. 15When did Lee surrender?
    April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House to General Grant
  16. 16When was Lincoln assassinated?
    April 14, 1865 (dying April 15), just days after Lee's surrender
  17. 17What was the outcome of the war?
    Union victory, dissolution of the Confederacy, abolition of slavery, freeing of four million African Americans, and beginning of Reconstruction
  18. 18How many soldiers died in the Civil War?
    An estimated 616,222 to 1,000,000+ total dead, making it the deadliest war in American history
  19. 19What were the border states?
    Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky - slave states that did not secede and had divided loyalties
  20. 20How many Union troops served?
    Approximately 2.2 million total, with 698,000 at peak
  21. 21How many Confederate troops served?
    Approximately 750,000 to 1,000,000 total, with 360,000 at peak
  22. 22What was the Reconstruction era?
    The period after the war when the nation attempted to rebuild, bring former Confederate states back into the US, and grant civil rights to freed slaves
  23. 23What were the secession documents?
    Documents issued by seceding states (notably South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, and Texas) that explicitly blamed the movement to abolish slavery
  24. 24When did South Carolina secede?
    December 20, 1860, unanimously voting to secede
  25. 25Which states seceded first?
    The 'cotton states': South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas (January-February 1861)
  26. 26Which states seceded after Fort Sumter?
    Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and North Carolina
  27. 27Where was the Confederate capital?
    Richmond, Virginia (moved there from Montgomery, Alabama to reward Virginia for seceding)
  28. 28What was Fort Sumter?
    A Union-held fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, where the Civil War began when Confederate forces fired on it
  29. 29What was Lincoln's first inaugural address about?
    He argued that secession was 'legally void', promised not to invade Southern states or end slavery where it existed, but would use force to maintain federal property
  30. 30How did Lincoln respond to the fall of Fort Sumter?
    On April 15, 1861, he called on states to field 75,000 militiamen for 90 days

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