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Vietnamese Alphabet & Tones

24 cards · 🇺🇸 English → vi-VN

The Vietnamese Latin alphabet's diacritic vowels, the 6 tones, and common digraphs — the foundation for reading and pronunciation.

alphabettonespronunciation

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  1. 1ă
    short /ă/ vowel, distinct from plain a (/a/ or /aː/)
  2. 2â
    /ə̆/ short schwa-like vowel
  3. 3ê
    /e/ close-mid front (vs. plain e = /ɛ/ open-mid front)
  4. 4ô
    /o/ close-mid back rounded (vs. plain o = /ɔ/)
  5. 5ơ
    /ə/ schwa — the horn diacritic is unique to Vietnamese
  6. 6ư
    /ɨ/ close central unrounded (similar to Russian ы)
  7. 7đ
    /ɗ/ voiced implosive — the only consonant with a diacritic, distinct from plain d (/z/ North, /j/ South)
  8. 8ngang — level tone
    mid level ˧, unmarked (no diacritic): ma
  9. 9sắc — rising tone
    high rising ˧˥, acute accent: má
  10. 10huyền — falling tone
    low falling ˨˩, grave accent: mà
  11. 11hỏi — dipping tone
    mid falling/dipping ˧˩, hook above: mả
  12. 12ngã — glottalized rising tone
    rising with a glottal break ˧˥ˀ, tilde: mã
  13. 13nặng — glottalized falling tone
    low, heavy, glottal stop ˧˨ˀ, dot below: mạ
  14. 14ch
    /t͡ɕ/ (North) / /c/ (South)
  15. 15kh
    /x/
  16. 16nh
    /ɲ/
  17. 17ph
    /f/
  18. 18th
    /tʰ/
  19. 19tr
    /t͡ɕ/ (North) / /ʈ/ (South)
  20. 20gi
    /z/ (North) / /j/ (South)
  21. 21ng
    /ŋ/
  22. 22ngh
    /ŋ/ — used instead of ng before i, e, ê
  23. 23qu
    /kw/
  24. 24F, J, W, Z
    not part of the standard Vietnamese alphabet — used only for foreign loanwords and names

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