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NCLEX: Maternal & Pediatric Nursing

77 cards · 🇺🇸 English

NCLEX content covering pregnancy, labor, delivery, newborn care, and pediatric nursing concepts

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What is the purpose of prenatal care?

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1What is the purpose of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of the mother and developing fetus, detect complications early, and provide education on pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
2What are the three trimesters of pregnancy?
First trimester (weeks 1–13), second trimester (weeks 14–26), and third trimester (weeks 27–40).
3What is the typical duration of pregnancy?
Approximately 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP).
4What is gravida?
The total number of pregnancies a woman has had, regardless of outcome.
5What is para?
The number of pregnancies carried to viable gestational age (20+ weeks), regardless of whether the baby was born alive.
6What does G3P2 mean?
A woman who has been pregnant 3 times and has delivered 2 viable pregnancies.
7What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Amenorrhea, nausea/vomiting, breast tenderness, fatigue, and frequent urination - symptoms that suggest pregnancy but could have other causes.
8What are probable signs of pregnancy?
Positive pregnancy test, Hegar's sign (softening of uterine isthmus), Goodell's sign (softening of cervix), and Chadwick's sign (bluish discoloration of cervix/vagina).
9What are positive signs of pregnancy?
Fetal heartbeat detected, fetal movement felt by examiner, and visualization of fetus via ultrasound - definitive proof of pregnancy.
10What is the normal fetal heart rate?
110–160 beats per minute.
11What is quickening?
The first fetal movements felt by the mother, typically occurring around 16–20 weeks of pregnancy.
12What is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
A hormone produced by the placenta that is detected by pregnancy tests; levels double approximately every 48 hours in early pregnancy.
13What is the function of the placenta?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, remove waste products, produce hormones, and act as a barrier to some harmful substances.
14What is the umbilical cord?
A flexible cord connecting the fetus to the placenta, containing two arteries (carrying deoxygenated blood from fetus) and one vein (carrying oxygenated blood to fetus).
15What is amniotic fluid?
Fluid surrounding the fetus in the amniotic sac that cushions the baby, maintains temperature, and allows fetal movement and lung development.
16What are common discomforts in the first trimester?
Nausea, vomiting (morning sickness), fatigue, breast tenderness, and frequent urination.
17What are common discomforts in the third trimester?
Backache, heartburn, shortness of breath, frequent urination, swelling of ankles/feet, and difficulty sleeping.
18What is gestational diabetes?
A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes affecting insulin action; usually resolves after delivery but increases risk of type 2 diabetes later.
19What is preeclampsia?
A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organ systems (often kidneys), typically occurring after 20 weeks.
20What are signs of preeclampsia?
Hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg), proteinuria, severe headaches, vision changes, upper abdominal pain, and sudden weight gain/edema.
21What is eclampsia?
The onset of seizures in a woman with preeclampsia; a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate intervention.
22What is HELLP syndrome?
A severe complication of preeclampsia involving Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.
23What is placenta previa?
A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, causing painless bright red vaginal bleeding, typically in the third trimester.
24What is abruptio placentae (placental abruption)?
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing painful dark red vaginal bleeding, rigid abdomen, and fetal distress.
25What is the difference between placenta previa and abruption bleeding?
Placenta previa: painless, bright red blood; Placental abruption: painful, dark red blood with rigid abdomen.
26What is an ectopic pregnancy?
A pregnancy that implants outside the uterus (usually in the fallopian tube), causing abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding; cannot continue and is a medical emergency.
27What is a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)?
Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation, presenting with vaginal bleeding, cramping, and passage of tissue.
28What is a threatened abortion?
Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy with a closed cervix; pregnancy may continue.
29What is an inevitable abortion?
Vaginal bleeding with cervical dilation; pregnancy loss is imminent and cannot be prevented.
30What is a complete abortion?
All products of conception have been expelled; cervix closes and bleeding decreases.