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Linux/Unix Commands

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Core Linux/Unix command-line tools for file, process, and system management.

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'ls' command

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1'ls' command
Lists directory contents (files and directories in the current or specified directory)
2'cd'
Change Directory - changes the current working directory to the specified path
3'pwd' command
Print Working Directory - displays the absolute path of the current directory
4'mkdir' command
Make Directory - creates a new directory with the specified name
5'rm' command
Remove - deletes files or directories (use -r flag for directories)
6'rm -rf'
Recursively and forcibly removes directories and all their contents without prompting for confirmation
7'cp' command
Copy - copies files or directories from source to destination
8'mv' command
Move - moves or renames files and directories
9'cat' command
Concatenate - displays the contents of one or more files or combines them
10'less' command
Views file contents one page at a time, allowing backward and forward navigation
11'head' command
Displays the first 10 lines (by default) of a file
12'tail' command
Displays the last 10 lines (by default) of a file
13'tail -f'
Follows a file in real-time, displaying new lines as they are appended (useful for log monitoring)
14'grep' command
Searches for patterns in files using regular expressions and prints matching lines
15'find' command
Searches for files and directories based on criteria like name, size, type, or modification time
16'chmod' command
Changes file or directory permissions (read, write, execute) for owner, group, and others
17'chown' command
Changes the owner and/or group of a file or directory
18'ps' command
Process Status - displays information about currently running processes
19'ps aux'
Shows all running processes with detailed information including user, CPU, memory usage, and command
20'top' command
Displays real-time system resource usage and running processes, updating dynamically
21'kill' command
Sends a signal to a process (by PID) to terminate or control it
22'kill -9'
Sends a SIGKILL signal to forcefully terminate a process immediately
23'df' command
Disk Free - displays disk space usage of file systems
24'df -h'
Shows disk usage in human-readable format (KB, MB, GB instead of blocks)
25'du' command
Disk Usage - estimates file and directory space usage
26'tar' command
Archives multiple files into a single tarball file, optionally with compression
27'tar -xzf file.tar.gz'
Extracts a gzipped tarball file
28'tar -czf archive.tar.gz files'
Creates a gzipped tarball archive from the specified files
29'wget' command
Downloads files from the web using HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP protocols
30'curl' command
Transfers data from or to a server using various protocols (HTTP, FTP, etc.)