🧩

Korean Grammar: Verbs, Particles & Honorifics

161 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Verb conjugation system, core particles and the honorific system that make Korean grammar distinctive.

grammarverbsparticleshonorifics

Study all 161 cards for free

Flashcards, quizzes, pixel-art games and a daily review that remembers for you.

Study this deck free

Try the first 10 cards

1 / 10
Question

Four main categories of Korean verbs

Knew itLearning

Tap the card for the answer · swipe right if you knew it, left if not

Already have an account? Sign in

Cards

  1. 1Four main categories of Korean verbs
    Action (processive), state (descriptive/adjectives), existential (있다/없다), and copulative (이다/아니다)
  2. 2Lemma or citation form of Korean verbs
    The form ending in -다 (ta/da), which was historically a past perfect declarative form in Middle Korean
  3. 3The Korean infinitive form constructed
    By attaching 어/아 (eo/a) to the root according to vowel harmony, with possible vowel contraction
  4. 4Infinitive form of 먹 (meok, 'eat')
    먹어 (meogeo) - formed by adding -어 after the root
  5. 5Infinitive form of 알 (al, 'know')
    알아 (ara) - formed by adding -아 after the root
  6. 6가 (ga, 'go') when forming the infinitive
    It undergoes vowel contraction and remains 가 (ga)
  7. 7Infinitive form of 오 (o, 'come')
    와 (wa) - the vowels contract
  8. 8Structure template for finite Korean verbs
    Prefix + ROOT + valency + honorific + tense-aspect + formality + syntactic moods + pragmatic moods + politeness suffix
  9. 9Negative prefix in Korean
    안 (an) for general negation, or 못 (mot) for inability/cannot
  10. 10Honorific suffix in Korean
    -(으)시 (-eusi/-si) - shows deference toward the subject of conversation
  11. 11-으시 used vs -시 for honorifics
    -으시 (eusi) after a consonant, -시 (si) after a vowel
  12. 12Past perfective suffix
    -었/았 (-eot/-at) after the infinitive form, showing vowel harmony
  13. 13Past perfective form of 오 (o, 'come')
    왔 (wat) - from 와 + 았
  14. 14Future/prospective aspect suffix
    -겠 (-get), used for events certain to happen
  15. 15Remote past (past perfect) formation
    -었었/았었 (-eosseot/-asseot) - double past suffix
  16. 16What does -었겠/았겠 mean
    Inferential or conditional past: 'should have, would have, must have'
  17. 17Formal suffix and when is it used
    -(스)ㅂ (-(seu)p) - shows deference to the audience, used in formal situations
  18. 18Three syntactic mood markers
    Indicative -는 (-neun), retrospective (imperfective) -던 (-deon), and subjunctive -시 (-si)
  19. 19Formal polite declarative ending
    -(스)ㅂ니다 (-(seu)mnida)
  20. 20Formal polite interrogative ending
    -(스)ㅂ니까 (-(seu)mnikka)
  21. 21Formal plain declarative ending
    -(는)다 (-(neun)da)
  22. 22Formal plain interrogative ending
    -느냐 (-neunya)
  23. 23Formal plain propositive ending
    -자 (-ja) - meaning 'let's'
  24. 24Formal plain imperative ending
    -어라/아라 (-eora/-ara)
  25. 25Intimate style ending
    -어/아 (-eo/-a) - used with close friends and children
  26. 26Casual style ending
    -지 (-ji) - neutral casual ending
  27. 27Polite suffix that raises the level of informal styles
    요 (yo) - added to intimate and casual forms
  28. 28Difference between 못 and 안 negation
    못 (mot) = inability/cannot (tried but unable). 안 (an) = general negation (all other instances)
  29. 29Passive/causative valency suffixes
    -이, -히, -리, -기, -우, -구, -추 (often with stem changes)
  30. 30Attributive suffix for past tense on action verbs
    -은 (-eun) after consonant, -ㄴ (-n) after vowel

And 131 more cards. Study the whole deck free

Articles about this deck

More Languages decks

See all
Study all 161 cards free