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Indonesian Verb Affixes & Grammar

78 cards · 🇺🇸 English

Indonesian grammar essentials: verb affixes (meng-, di-, ber-, ter-, -kan, -i, circumfixes), negation, tense markers and reduplication.

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Active voice/agent focus in Indonesian (prefix)

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  1. 1Active voice/agent focus in Indonesian (prefix)
    meng- (and its variants: mem-, men-, me-, meny-, menge-)
  2. 2Passive voice/patient focus in Indonesian (prefix)
    di-
  3. 3Causative verbs (prefix)
    per- (often combined with meng- to form memper-)
  4. 4Stative or habitual intransitive verbs (prefix)
    ber-
  5. 5Involuntary, sudden, or accidental actions (prefix)
    ter-
  6. 6Causative or benefactive verbs (suffix)
    -kan
  7. 7Locative, repetitive, or exhaustive verbs (suffix)
    -i
  8. 8Root: tolong (help). Add meng- prefix:
    menolong (to help)
  9. 9Root: ambil (take). Add di- prefix:
    diambil (be taken)
  10. 10Root: ajar (teach). Add ber- prefix:
    belajar (to study) [irregular l-preserving]
  11. 11Root: makan (eat). Add ter- prefix:
    termakan (to have accidentally eaten)
  12. 12Root: letak (place). Add -kan suffix:
    letakkan (put it down)
  13. 13Root: jauh (far). Add -i suffix:
    jauhi (avoid)
  14. 14Root: pasang (pair). Add ber-...-an circumfix:
    berpasangan (in pairs)
  15. 15Root: pasti (sure). Add meng-...-kan circumfix:
    memastikan (to make sure)
  16. 16Root: teman (company). Add meng-...-i circumfix:
    menemani (to accompany)
  17. 17Root: hilang (disappear). Add ke-...-an circumfix:
    kehilangan (to lose)
  18. 18Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of mendudukkan:
    to sit someone down, to give someone a seat, to appoint
  19. 19Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of menduduki:
    to sit on, to occupy
  20. 20Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of didudukkan:
    to be given a seat, to be appointed
  21. 21Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of diduduki:
    to be sat on, to be occupied
  22. 22Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of terduduk:
    to sink down, to come to sit
  23. 23Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of kedudukan:
    to be situated, position
  24. 24Root: duduk (sit). Meaning of penduduk:
    resident
  25. 25meng- + beli (buy) →
    membeli (to buy)
  26. 26meng- + pilih (choose) →
    memilih (to choose) [p→m lenition]
  27. 27meng- + cabut (pull out) →
    mencabut (to pull out)
  28. 28meng- + dukung (support) →
    mendukung (to support)
  29. 29meng- + jawab (answer) →
    menjawab (to answer)
  30. 30meng- + tulis (write) →
    menulis (to write) [t→Ø lenition]

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