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C++: STL & OOP

59 cards · 🇺🇸 English

C++ Standard Template Library and object-oriented programming essentials.

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STL

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  1. 1STL
    Standard Template Library - a collection of containers, algorithms, and iterators in C++
  2. 2Three main components of the STL
    Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms
  3. 3Std::vector
    A dynamic array that can grow or shrink in size
  4. 4Std::list
    A doubly-linked list container
  5. 5Std::map
    An associative container that stores key-value pairs in sorted order (balanced tree)
  6. 6Std::set
    A container that stores unique elements in sorted order (balanced tree)
  7. 7Std::unordered_map
    A hash table-based associative container for key-value pairs (unsorted)
  8. 8Std::unordered_set
    A hash table-based container for unique elements (unsorted)
  9. 9Std::queue
    A FIFO (first-in, first-out) container adapter
  10. 10Std::stack
    A LIFO (last-in, first-out) container adapter
  11. 11Std::deque
    A double-ended queue allowing fast insertion/deletion at both ends
  12. 12Std::priority_queue
    A container adapter providing priority-based element access
  13. 13Iterator in C++
    An object that points to elements in a container and allows traversal
  14. 14begin() vs end()
    begin() points to the first element; end() points one past the last element
  15. 15Std::sort()
    An algorithm that sorts elements in a range (typically O(n log n))
  16. 16Std::find()
    An algorithm that searches for a value in a range and returns an iterator
  17. 17Std::transform()
    An algorithm that applies a function to each element and stores results
  18. 18Std::for_each()
    An algorithm that applies a function to each element in a range
  19. 19Class in C++
    A user-defined type that encapsulates data and functions (methods)
  20. 20Three access specifiers in C++
    public, private, protected
  21. 21Encapsulation
    Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit (class)
  22. 22Inheritance in C++
    A mechanism where a class (derived) acquires properties and behaviors of another class (base)
  23. 23Polymorphism in C++
    The ability to use a single interface to represent different underlying forms (types)
  24. 24Virtual function
    A member function that can be overridden in a derived class for runtime polymorphism
  25. 25Pure virtual function
    A virtual function with = 0, making the class abstract: virtual void func() = 0;
  26. 26Abstract class
    A class with at least one pure virtual function that cannot be instantiated
  27. 27struct vs class
    struct members are public by default; class members are private by default
  28. 28Constructor
    A special member function that initializes objects when they are created
  29. 29Destructor
    A special member function that cleans up resources when an object is destroyed
  30. 30Constructor overloading
    Defining multiple constructors with different parameter lists in the same class

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