TOEFL Academic Word List: 378 Flashcards to Master the Vocabulary of Every Reading Passage
Learn the TOEFL Academic Word List with 378 flashcards (deck MJ9082): sublists from analyze to widespread, sample cards, connector words and double-meaning traps.
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Every TOEFL reading passage and every listening lecture is built on the same few hundred academic words: hypothesis, paradigm, notwithstanding, subsidy, incidence. They are rarely the "hard" words test-takers fear; they are the ordinary academic glue that decides whether you understand the whole sentence or just the nouns. The TOEFL Academic Word List deck (code MJ9082, 378 cards) covers this glue, one plain-English definition per word.
Study this deck: TOEFL Academic Word List
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What is inside the 378 cards
The deck follows the Academic Word List sublists in roughly increasing rarity, so the first hundred cards are words you already half-know, and the last hundred are the ones that separate a 22 from a 28 in Reading.
- Sublist 1 basics (cards 1-60): analyze, approach, assessment, assume, authority, benefit, concept, consist, constitute, context, data, derive, distribute, economy, establish, estimate, evident, factor, function, indicate, interpret, involve, legislate, method, occur, policy, principle, proceed, require, research, role, sector, significant, source, specific, structure, theory, vary.
- Sublist 2-3 (cards 61-120): achieve, acquire, administrate, affect, appropriate, aspect, category, commission, community, compute, conclude, conduct, consequent, construct, consume, credit, culture, design, distinct, element, equate, evaluate, feature, focus, impact, institute, invest, journal, maintain, participate, perceive, potential, primary, purchase, regulate, relevant, reside, resource, restrict, secure, seek, select, site, strategy, survey, tradition, transfer.
- Sublists 4-10 (cards 121-378): constant, convene, coordinate, criteria, deduce, deviate, devote, dimension, dominate, emphasis, ensure, entity, equivalent, explicit, facilitate, fundamental, guarantee, hierarchy, hypothesis, ideology, implicate, implicit, imply, impose, incentive, incidence, incline, inhibit, initiate, innovate, insight, integrate, integrity, intrinsic, intervene, levy, liberal, likewise, margin, mediate, migrate, minimal, mutual, negate, nevertheless, nonetheless, norm, notion, notwithstanding, offset, ongoing, overlap, paradigm, parameter, phenomenon, practitioner, precede, predominant, preliminary, presume, protocol, qualitative, radical, ratio, rational, refine, regime, reinforce, reluctance, restrain, retain, revenue, rigid, scenario, scope, sole, somewhat, straightforward, subordinate, subsequent, subsidy, substitute, successor, sufficient, supplement, suspend, sustain, terminate, thereby, thesis, trace, transform, transmit, trigger, ultimate, undergo, undertake, unify, utilize, valid, via, violate, virtual, voluntary, welfare, whereas, whereby, widespread.
Sample cards
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Constitute | To be a part of a whole; to make up or form |
| Derive | To obtain something from a specified source; to originate from |
| Implicit | Suggested though not directly expressed; understood |
| Incidence | The occurrence or frequency of something |
| Levy | To impose a tax, fee, or fine |
| Notwithstanding | Nevertheless; in spite of |
| Offset | To counteract something by having an equal and opposite force or effect |
| Paradigm | A typical example or pattern of something; a worldview |
| Subsidy | A sum of money granted by the government to assist an industry |
| Whereby | By which means |
How to work through the deck
Sort by usefulness, not alphabet. The 378 cards are already ordered by frequency in academic texts. Study the first 120 in a single week (they appear in nearly every TOEFL passage), then spread sublists 4-10 across the next two to three weeks. The Flip It app will keep resurfacing the words you miss, so you never re-study what you already know.
Practice the connector words as a set. TOEFL Reading's "rhetorical purpose" and "insert text" questions hinge on a small group of function words hidden in this deck: nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, whereas, whereby, thereby, hence, likewise, via, subsequent, prior, consequent. Pull these dozen cards out and learn them together; each one signals contrast, cause, sequence or means, and recognizing the signal is worth more than knowing the definition.
Watch the double-meaning cards. Contract (an agreement / to shrink), incline (to lean / to be disposed toward), credit (praise / borrowing), secure (safe / to fasten): TOEFL loves testing the less common sense. When the back of the card lists two meanings, memorize both.
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