Remember Macronutrients and Micronutrients: 77 Flashcards From Kilocalories to the 13 Vitamins

Nutrition questions on biology, dietetics and health-science exams are mostly about precise numbers and lists: how many kilocalories in a gram of fat, which vitamins are fat-soluble, which nine amino acids you cannot make yourself. The Macronutrients & Micronutrients deck on Flip It (deck code JX5835, 77 cards) is built around exactly those facts, from the CHNOPS elements to the Dietary Reference Intake system.

Nine cards to test yourself on

Everything the deck covers

• Definitions: nutrient, macronutrient vs micronutrient, essential nutrient, conditionally essential nutrients (inositol, taurine, arginine, glutamine, nucleotides), water as a macronutrient, CHNOPS, homeostasis, de novo synthesis, enzymatic cofactor, empty calorie foods.
• Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, glucose, glycogen, cellulose, dietary fiber, soluble fiber and short-chain fatty acids.
• Proteins: amino acids, peptide bonds, protein catabolism by proteases, the nine essential amino acids.
• Fats: glycerol plus three fatty acids, saturated vs unsaturated, essential fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6.
• Vitamins: all thirteen — A, C, D, E, K and the eight B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, cobalamin), plus vitamers and choline.
• Minerals: calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, iodine, selenium, phosphorus, trace elements.
• Intake standards: nutrient deficiency and toxicity, DRI, RDA, EAR, Tolerable Upper Intake Level, phytochemicals, polyphenols, antioxidants.

Study tips specific to this deck

Lock in the 4-4-9-7 rule first. Four cards give the energy density of protein, carbohydrate, fat and ethanol. Say them as one string — 4, 4, 9, 7 — and the alcohol card stops being a surprise (it is the one most people forget, and the deck's empty calorie card uses alcoholic beverages as its example).

Use PVT TIM HaLL for the essential amino acids. Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine — the mnemonic matches the deck's list exactly and turns a nine-item recall card into one word.

Chain the intake standards in order of size. EAR covers 50% of healthy people, RDA covers 97-98%, UL is the ceiling. Reviewing the three cards together, smallest to largest, makes each definition anchor the next.

For the vitamin block, quiz yourself in two directions: from the letter to the function (vitamin K → blood clotting and bone metabolism) and from the clue back to the letter (which vitamin prevents neural tube defects? → B9). Flip It lets you reverse cards, so run the deck both ways.

Related guides in the medicine category

Iodine, selenium and the thyroid come back in the Pharmacology Fundamentals study guide, where vitamins and minerals reappear as enzymatic cofactors and drug targets.

Sign in at flip-it.app, find deck code JX5835 in the library and start with the four kilocalorie cards.